CVE-2025-11098VulnerabilityPublished 28 Sep 2025Updated 29 Sep 2025

CVE-2025-11098: D-Link DIR-823X · Command Injection

Affects D-Link DIR-823XSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.3 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 06:26 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

5.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 3.8% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 90% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: Low
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Threat metrics

Exploit Maturity: POC

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the Vulnerable System are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Exploit Maturity: POC: Based on threat intelligence sources each of the following must apply: · Proof-of-concept is publicly available · No knowledge of reported attempts to exploit this vulnerability · No knowledge of publicly available solutions used to simplify attempts to exploit the vulnerability

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 28 Sep 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-26.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
D-Link DIR-823X	Affected =250416	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

1. Immediate mitigation should focus on restricting network access to the vulnerable /goform/set_wifi_blacklists endpoint by implementing firewall rules or access control lists (ACLs) that block inbound traffic to the router's management interfaces from untrusted networks, especially the internet. 2. Disable remote management features on the router if not required, to reduce exposure. 3. Monitor network traffic for unusual requests targeting the /goform/set_wifi_blacklists path or suspicious command injection patterns. 4. Employ network segmentation to isolate vulnerable devices from critical infrastructure and sensitive data stores. 5. Regularly audit and update router firmware; apply vendor patches as soon as they become available. 6. If vendor patches are delayed, consider replacing affected devices with models that have confirmed security updates. 7. Educate users and administrators about the risks of using default or outdated firmware and the importance of secure configuration. 8. Deploy intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) capable of detecting command injection attempts targeting router management interfaces. 9. Maintain an inventory of network devices to quickly identify and remediate vulnerable units. 10. Collaborate with ISPs or managed security service providers to monitor and block exploit attempts at the network edge.

Description

A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-823X 250416. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /goform/set_wifi_blacklists. The manipulation of the argument macList results in command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made public and could be used.

Impact

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-11098 can be significant, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and home office users relying on D-Link DIR-823X routers. Exploitation can lead to unauthorized command execution on the router, resulting in potential compromise of network perimeter security. Attackers could alter router configurations, disable security controls, or use the device as a foothold to launch further attacks within the internal network. This could lead to data breaches, interception of sensitive communications, or denial of service conditions affecting business operations. Given the router's role as a gateway device, its compromise undermines the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of connected systems. The medium severity rating reflects partial but meaningful impacts, with the ease of remote exploitation increasing the urgency. Organizations lacking network segmentation or monitoring may be particularly vulnerable. Additionally, the absence of authentication requirements for exploitation broadens the attack surface. The threat is exacerbated by the public disclosure of exploit code, which may facilitate automated attacks or inclusion in botnets targeting vulnerable devices across Europe.

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 6 Oct 2025, 00:32 UTC

Technical details

References

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