CVE-2025-11104 identifies a SQL injection vulnerability in the CodeAstro Electricity Billing System version 1.0, specifically in the /admin/bill.php component. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of the uid parameter, which is used in SQL queries without adequate validation or parameterization. An attacker can remotely exploit this flaw by sending crafted requests to the billing system's administrative interface, injecting malicious SQL commands that could lead to unauthorized data retrieval, modification, or deletion. The vulnerability does not require user interaction or authentication, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:L), no user interaction (UI:N), and low impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). Although the impact is rated low for each security property, the ability to remotely execute SQL injection commands without authentication can facilitate further attacks, including privilege escalation or lateral movement within the network. No official patches or fixes have been linked yet, and while no exploits are currently observed in the wild, the public availability of exploit code increases the likelihood of future attacks. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, so organizations running this version are at risk. Given the critical role of electricity billing systems in operational and financial processes, exploitation could disrupt billing accuracy, leak sensitive customer data, or enable fraudulent activities.

For European organizations, especially utilities and electricity providers using CodeAstro Electricity Billing System 1.0, this vulnerability poses risks of unauthorized access to billing data, customer information, and potentially operational data. Exploitation could lead to data breaches compromising personal and financial information of customers, undermining trust and regulatory compliance, including GDPR obligations. Integrity of billing data could be compromised, resulting in financial losses or disputes. Availability impacts, while rated low, could still disrupt billing operations temporarily if attackers manipulate or delete records. The remote, unauthenticated nature of the vulnerability increases the attack surface, especially if administrative interfaces are exposed to the internet or insufficiently segmented. This could facilitate further attacks on critical infrastructure, given the strategic importance of electricity providers in Europe. The medium CVSS score reflects moderate risk, but the criticality of the affected systems in essential services elevates the operational impact. Organizations may face regulatory penalties and reputational damage if breaches occur.

Immediate mitigation should focus on restricting access to the /admin/bill.php interface by implementing network-level controls such as IP whitelisting, VPN access, or firewall rules to limit exposure to trusted administrators only. Organizations should conduct thorough input validation and implement parameterized queries or prepared statements in the affected code to eliminate SQL injection vectors. Since no official patches are currently available, code review and temporary code fixes are essential. Regular vulnerability scanning and penetration testing should be employed to detect exploitation attempts. Monitoring logs for unusual database queries or access patterns can help identify early signs of attack. Backup and recovery procedures must be verified to ensure data integrity in case of compromise. Additionally, organizations should engage with the vendor for timely patch releases and apply updates promptly once available. Employee training on secure coding and awareness of SQL injection risks can prevent similar vulnerabilities in future development cycles.