CVE-2025-11113 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the CodeAstro Online Leave Application, specifically within the /signup.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'city' parameter, allowing an attacker to manipulate this input to inject malicious SQL code. This injection can be performed remotely without authentication or user interaction, making exploitation relatively straightforward. The vulnerability may also affect other parameters, though these have not been explicitly confirmed. SQL Injection vulnerabilities enable attackers to interfere with the queries an application makes to its database, potentially allowing unauthorized data access, data modification, or even full compromise of the backend database. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting the network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, but limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The exploit is publicly available, increasing the risk of exploitation, although no active exploitation in the wild has been reported yet.

For European organizations using CodeAstro Online Leave Application 1.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of employee data managed within the leave application system. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive personal information, such as employee identities, leave records, and potentially other HR-related data stored in the backend database. This could result in privacy violations under GDPR, leading to regulatory penalties and reputational damage. Additionally, attackers could manipulate or delete leave records, disrupting HR operations and causing organizational inefficiencies. While the vulnerability does not directly affect system availability, the potential for data corruption or unauthorized data disclosure is a serious concern. Given the public availability of the exploit code, European organizations should consider this a pressing threat, especially those in sectors with strict data protection requirements or high employee data sensitivity.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should immediately apply any available patches or updates from CodeAstro once released. In the absence of official patches, organizations should implement input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements for all database interactions, especially those involving the 'city' parameter and other user-supplied inputs in /signup.php. Employing web application firewalls (WAFs) with SQL Injection detection and prevention capabilities can provide a temporary protective layer. Regular code audits and penetration testing focused on injection flaws should be conducted to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities. Additionally, monitoring database logs for unusual query patterns and setting up alerts for suspicious activities can help detect exploitation attempts early. Organizations should also review and limit database user privileges to minimize the impact of a potential breach.