CVE-2025-11277 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Open Asset Import Library (Assimp) version 6.0.2, specifically within the Q3DImporter::InternReadFile function located in the assimp/code/AssetLib/Q3D/Q3DLoader.cpp source file. Assimp is a widely used open-source library designed to import and process 3D model formats, facilitating interoperability between various 3D software and game engines. The vulnerability arises when the function improperly handles input data, allowing an attacker to manipulate the input to cause a heap-based buffer overflow. This type of overflow can lead to memory corruption, potentially enabling arbitrary code execution, application crashes, or other unpredictable behavior. The attack vector requires local access with at least low privileges (PR:L) and does not require user interaction (UI:N). The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 4.8, indicating a medium severity level. The exploit code has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation, although no known exploits in the wild have been reported yet. The vulnerability does not affect confidentiality, integrity, or availability to a high degree but does present a risk of local privilege escalation or denial of service if exploited. The absence of patches at the time of reporting suggests that users of Assimp 6.0.2 should exercise caution and consider mitigation strategies until an official fix is released.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability depends largely on the extent to which Assimp 6.0.2 is integrated into their software development pipelines or deployed applications. Organizations involved in industries such as gaming, 3D modeling, CAD, virtual reality, and simulation—sectors with significant presence in Europe—may be at risk if they use vulnerable versions of Assimp. The local attack requirement limits remote exploitation, but insider threats or compromised user accounts could leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges or disrupt services. Potential impacts include application crashes leading to denial of service, corruption of 3D asset data, and in worst cases, execution of arbitrary code with the privileges of the local user. This could undermine the integrity of critical design or simulation workflows, causing operational delays or data loss. Given the public availability of exploit code, the risk of exploitation may increase over time, especially in environments where Assimp is used in multi-user or shared systems. European organizations with strict data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR) must also consider the reputational and compliance risks associated with potential data integrity or availability issues stemming from exploitation.

1. Immediate mitigation should focus on restricting local access to systems running Assimp 6.0.2 to trusted users only, minimizing the risk of local exploitation. 2. Implement strict access controls and monitoring on systems that process 3D assets using Assimp to detect unusual activity or crashes that may indicate exploitation attempts. 3. Where feasible, isolate or sandbox applications using Assimp to limit the impact of potential memory corruption. 4. Monitor vendor channels and security advisories closely for patches or updates addressing CVE-2025-11277 and apply them promptly once available. 5. Conduct code audits or use alternative libraries for 3D asset importing if immediate patching is not possible, especially in high-risk environments. 6. Employ runtime protections such as Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR), Data Execution Prevention (DEP), and heap protection mechanisms to reduce the likelihood of successful exploitation. 7. Educate developers and system administrators about the vulnerability and the importance of applying security updates and best practices in handling third-party libraries.