VulnerabilityPublished 5 Oct 2025Updated 6 Oct 2025

CVE-2025-11283: Frappe LMS · Cross-site Scripting

Affects Frappe LMSSource CVE Database V5

Public exploit available · CVSS 4.8 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 14:05 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

4.8Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 35% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: Passive
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Threat metrics

Exploit Maturity: POC

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: High: The attacker requires privileges that provide significant (e.g., administrative) control over the vulnerable system allowing full access to the vulnerable system’s settings and files.
User Interaction: Passive: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires limited interaction by the targeted user with the vulnerable system and the attacker’s payload. These interactions would be considered involuntary and do not require that the user actively subvert protections built into the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Exploit Maturity: POC: Based on threat intelligence sources each of the following must apply: · Proof-of-concept is publicly available · No knowledge of reported attempts to exploit this vulnerability · No knowledge of publicly available solutions used to simplify attempts to exploit the vulnerability

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 5 Oct 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: evidence found.
CVSS exploit maturity: proof of concept public
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), CVSS vector, the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Frappe LMS	Affected =2.35.0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

European organizations using Frappe LMS 2.35.0 should immediately verify if vendor patches addressing CVE-2025-11283 and related vulnerabilities have been released, despite the lack of explicit mention in GitHub release notes. If patches are available, apply them promptly in all affected environments. In the absence of official patches, organizations should implement input validation and output encoding controls on the 'Description' field at the application or web server level to neutralize malicious scripts. Employ Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts in browsers accessing the LMS. Conduct user awareness training to recognize phishing attempts and suspicious content within LMS course descriptions. Monitor LMS logs for unusual activity or repeated attempts to inject scripts. Consider isolating the LMS environment or restricting access to trusted networks until the vulnerability is remediated. Regularly review and update the LMS and its dependencies to incorporate security fixes. Engage with the vendor or community forums for updates and best practices. Finally, implement web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules targeting XSS attack patterns to provide an additional layer of defense.

Description

A vulnerability was determined in Frappe LMS 2.35.0. This affects an unknown function of the component Course Handler. Executing manipulation of the argument Description can lead to cross site scripting. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component. The vendor was informed early about a total of four security issues and confirmed that those have been fixed. However, the release notes on GitHub do not mention them.

Impact

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk primarily to the confidentiality and integrity of user data within Frappe LMS deployments. Exploitation could allow attackers to execute malicious scripts in the context of authenticated users, potentially leading to session hijacking, unauthorized actions, or phishing attacks targeting learners and administrators. This could undermine trust in e-learning platforms, disrupt training activities, and expose sensitive information such as user credentials or personal data. Organizations relying on Frappe LMS for compliance training or sensitive educational content may face reputational damage and regulatory scrutiny under GDPR if user data is compromised. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the vulnerability increases exposure, especially in environments where users frequently access course descriptions or content from untrusted networks. However, the requirement for user interaction and the medium CVSS score suggest the threat is moderate rather than critical. The absence of known active exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate it, especially as public exploit details become available. European educational institutions, corporate training departments, and LMS service providers should be vigilant.

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 12 Oct 2025, 16:13 UTC

Technical details

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