CVE-2025-11409 identifies a SQL injection vulnerability in Campcodes Advanced Online Voting Management System version 1.0, specifically within an unknown function in the /index.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of the 'voter' parameter, which can be manipulated remotely by an attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands into the backend database. This injection flaw allows attackers to read, modify, or delete sensitive voting data stored in the database, potentially compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of election-related information. The vulnerability requires no user interaction and no authentication, making it remotely exploitable over the network with low attack complexity. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:L), no user interaction (UI:N), and low impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). Although the impact is rated low on each CIA component individually, the combined effect on a critical system like an online voting platform can be significant. The exploit code is publicly available, increasing the risk of exploitation despite no current reports of active attacks. No official patches or updates have been released by Campcodes, leaving organizations dependent on interim mitigations. The vulnerability highlights the risks of insufficient input validation in web applications managing sensitive democratic processes.

For European organizations, particularly electoral commissions or government bodies utilizing Campcodes Advanced Online Voting Management System, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to election integrity and public trust. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of voter information, manipulation or deletion of votes, and disruption of election processes. Such impacts could undermine democratic legitimacy and cause legal and reputational damage. Given the critical nature of election systems, even a medium-severity vulnerability can have outsized consequences. The remote, unauthenticated exploitability increases the threat surface, especially if the system is internet-facing or accessible from less secure networks. Additionally, the availability of public exploit code lowers the barrier for attackers, including nation-state actors or hacktivists, to attempt exploitation. European countries with advanced digital election infrastructure or those piloting online voting solutions are particularly vulnerable. The lack of a patch means organizations must rely on compensating controls to mitigate risk until a fix is available.

Since no official patch is currently available, European organizations should implement the following specific mitigations: 1) Apply strict input validation and sanitization on the 'voter' parameter at the web application firewall (WAF) or reverse proxy level to block SQL injection payloads. 2) Employ parameterized queries or prepared statements in the application code if possible, to prevent injection. 3) Restrict network access to the voting management system to trusted IP ranges and use VPNs or zero-trust network architectures to limit exposure. 4) Monitor database queries and application logs for anomalous patterns indicative of SQL injection attempts. 5) Conduct thorough security assessments and penetration testing focused on injection flaws. 6) Prepare incident response plans specific to election systems to quickly detect and respond to potential exploitation. 7) Engage with the vendor for timely updates and patches, and consider alternative solutions if remediation is delayed. 8) Backup election data regularly and ensure backups are immutable and securely stored to enable recovery in case of data tampering.