CVE-2025-11413 is an out-of-bounds read vulnerability identified in GNU Binutils version 2.45, affecting the elf_link_add_object_symbols function in the bfd/elflink.c source file of the linker component. This vulnerability arises from improper bounds checking during symbol addition in ELF linking, allowing an attacker with local access and low privileges to read memory beyond the allocated buffer. The flaw does not require user interaction or elevated privileges beyond local access, and it does not directly compromise system integrity or availability. However, it may lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive memory contents, which could include cryptographic keys, credentials, or other critical data. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.8 (medium) score, reflecting its moderate impact and exploitability. Exploit code has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of local attacks. The issue is resolved in GNU Binutils 2.46, with a patch identified by commit 72efdf166aa0ed72ecc69fc2349af6591a7a19c0. The vulnerability primarily affects environments where Binutils 2.45 is used, typically in software development, build systems, and embedded device toolchains.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-11413 is the potential leakage of sensitive information due to out-of-bounds memory reads. This could compromise confidentiality, especially in environments where Binutils is used to build or link software containing sensitive data or cryptographic material. While the vulnerability does not allow remote exploitation, insider threats or attackers with local access could leverage it to gain unauthorized information. This risk is particularly relevant for software development firms, research institutions, and critical infrastructure sectors that rely on GNU toolchains. The vulnerability does not directly affect system integrity or availability, but leaked information could facilitate further attacks. Organizations with automated build environments or continuous integration pipelines using affected Binutils versions may face increased risk if attackers gain local access to build servers.

To mitigate CVE-2025-11413, European organizations should: 1) Immediately upgrade GNU Binutils to version 2.46 or later, which contains the official patch. 2) Audit and restrict local access to build servers and development environments to trusted personnel only. 3) Implement strict access controls and monitoring on systems running Binutils to detect unauthorized local activity. 4) Use containerization or sandboxing for build processes to limit the impact of potential local exploits. 5) Review and sanitize build artifacts and logs to prevent leakage of sensitive information. 6) Regularly update and patch development tools and dependencies to reduce exposure to known vulnerabilities. 7) Educate developers and system administrators about the risks of local vulnerabilities and the importance of timely patching.