CVE-2025-11413 is an out-of-bounds read vulnerability discovered in GNU Binutils version 2.45, specifically within the elf_link_add_object_symbols function of the bfd/elflink.c source file, which is part of the linker component. This vulnerability arises when the function improperly handles symbol data during the linking process, allowing an attacker with local access and low privileges to read memory outside the intended buffer boundaries. The flaw does not require user interaction or elevated privileges beyond local access, and it does not directly compromise system confidentiality, integrity, or availability but may allow an attacker to glean sensitive information from memory. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed with an exploit proof-of-concept available, though no widespread exploitation has been reported. The issue is addressed by upgrading to GNU Binutils version 2.46, which includes a patch identified by commit 72efdf166aa0ed72ecc69fc2349af6591a7a19c0. Given that Binutils is a fundamental tool in software development and system building, the vulnerability could affect a wide range of Linux-based systems and development environments where version 2.45 is in use. The attack vector is local, requiring the attacker to have access to the system, which limits remote exploitation possibilities. However, in environments where multiple users share systems or where local access controls are weak, this vulnerability could be leveraged to extract sensitive data from memory.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-11413 is primarily related to information disclosure risks on systems running GNU Binutils 2.45. Since Binutils is widely used in software development, embedded systems, and Linux distributions, organizations involved in software development, research, and critical infrastructure could be affected if they have not upgraded. The vulnerability requires local access, so the risk is higher in multi-user environments, shared servers, or development workstations where untrusted users may have access. While the vulnerability does not directly allow code execution or system compromise, the out-of-bounds read could leak sensitive information such as cryptographic keys, passwords, or proprietary code segments, potentially aiding further attacks. European entities with stringent data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR) must consider the confidentiality implications of such leaks. The medium severity rating reflects the limited attack vector but acknowledges the potential for sensitive data exposure. Organizations relying on older Linux distributions or custom toolchains that bundle Binutils 2.45 are at higher risk.

1. Upgrade GNU Binutils to version 2.46 or later immediately to apply the official patch that fixes the out-of-bounds read vulnerability. 2. Audit all development and build systems to identify installations of Binutils 2.45 or earlier and prioritize patching those exposed to local untrusted users. 3. Enforce strict access controls and user permissions on multi-user systems to limit local access only to trusted personnel. 4. Use containerization or sandboxing for build environments to isolate processes and reduce the risk of information leakage. 5. Monitor system logs and user activities for unusual access patterns that could indicate attempts to exploit local vulnerabilities. 6. Incorporate vulnerability scanning and software composition analysis tools in the software development lifecycle to detect vulnerable Binutils versions. 7. Educate developers and system administrators about the risks of using outdated toolchains and the importance of timely patching.