CVE-2025-11780 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in Circutor's SGE-PLC1000 and SGE-PLC50 devices running firmware version 9.0.2. The vulnerability arises from improper handling of user-supplied input in the 'showMeterReport()' function. Specifically, the 'GetParameter(meter)' function retrieves user input that is directly copied into a fixed-size buffer using the unsafe 'sprintf()' function without any bounds checking or size validation. This classic buffer overflow (CWE-120) allows an attacker to supply an excessively large input for the 'meter' parameter, which can overflow the buffer on the stack, potentially overwriting return addresses or other control data. Given that the vulnerability can be triggered remotely over the network without requiring user interaction or elevated privileges, it presents a significant risk. The CVSS 4.0 base score of 8.7 reflects its high severity, with metrics indicating network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no public exploits have been reported yet, the nature of the vulnerability makes it a prime target for exploitation once weaponized. The affected devices are commonly used in industrial and energy management environments, where disruption or compromise could have serious operational consequences. No official patches or mitigations have been released at the time of disclosure, increasing the urgency for defensive measures.

The impact of CVE-2025-11780 on European organizations could be substantial, particularly for those in industrial automation, energy management, and critical infrastructure sectors that deploy Circutor SGE-PLC1000 and SGE-PLC50 devices. Exploitation could lead to remote code execution, allowing attackers to take control of affected devices, manipulate energy measurement data, disrupt operations, or cause denial of service. This could result in operational downtime, financial losses, safety hazards, and erosion of trust in energy management systems. Given the high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts, attackers could also use compromised devices as footholds for lateral movement within industrial networks. The lack of authentication and user interaction requirements lowers the barrier for attackers, increasing the likelihood of exploitation. European energy grids and industrial facilities relying on these devices are particularly vulnerable, potentially affecting national energy stability and industrial productivity.

Until an official patch is released by Circutor, European organizations should implement several specific mitigation strategies: 1) Restrict network access to SGE-PLC1000 and SGE-PLC50 devices by isolating them within segmented, access-controlled network zones and using firewalls to limit inbound traffic to trusted sources only. 2) Deploy network intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with custom signatures to detect anomalous or oversized 'meter' parameter inputs targeting the vulnerable function. 3) Implement input validation proxies or application-layer gateways that can sanitize or block excessively large inputs before reaching the device. 4) Conduct thorough inventory and asset management to identify all affected devices and prioritize their protection. 5) Monitor device logs and network traffic for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts. 6) Engage with Circutor support channels to obtain updates on patch availability and apply firmware updates promptly once released. 7) Consider temporary operational workarounds, such as disabling remote access features if feasible, to reduce exposure. These measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on network-level controls and proactive monitoring tailored to the vulnerability's characteristics.