CVE-2025-11960 identifies a reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the KVKNET product developed by Aryom Software High Technology Systems Inc. This vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of user-supplied input during the generation of web pages, classified under CWE-79. Specifically, the affected versions prior to 2.1.8 do not adequately sanitize or encode input before reflecting it back in HTTP responses, enabling attackers to inject malicious JavaScript code. When a victim interacts with a crafted URL or input, the malicious script executes in their browser context, potentially allowing theft of session cookies, manipulation of web content, or redirection to malicious sites. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network without authentication but requires user interaction (e.g., clicking a malicious link). The CVSS v3.1 base score is 6.1, indicating a medium severity level, with attack vector as network (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), user interaction required (UI:R), scope changed (S:C), and impacts on confidentiality and integrity (C:L, I:L) but no impact on availability (A:N). No public exploits have been reported yet, but the vulnerability's presence in widely used versions of KVKNET poses a risk. The reflected XSS nature means that the attack surface is limited to scenarios where users can be tricked into clicking malicious links or submitting crafted inputs. The vulnerability's exploitation could facilitate further attacks such as session hijacking, phishing, or unauthorized actions within the victim's session context.

For European organizations using KVKNET, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information, session hijacking, and manipulation of web application content, undermining user trust and data integrity. Sectors such as government, finance, healthcare, or critical infrastructure relying on KVKNET for web-based services are particularly at risk. The reflected XSS can be leveraged in targeted phishing campaigns to compromise user credentials or deliver malware. Although availability is not impacted, the confidentiality and integrity breaches could result in regulatory non-compliance, reputational damage, and operational disruptions. The medium severity score reflects a moderate risk, but the actual impact depends on the extent of KVKNET deployment and the sensitivity of data processed. Since no known exploits are in the wild, organizations have a window to remediate before active exploitation occurs. However, the changed scope in CVSS indicates that exploitation could affect components beyond the vulnerable web page, increasing potential impact.

1. Immediately upgrade KVKNET to version 2.1.8 or later where the vulnerability is fixed. 2. Implement strict input validation on all user-supplied data, ensuring that inputs conform to expected formats and reject suspicious characters. 3. Apply proper output encoding/escaping for all reflected data in HTML, JavaScript, and URL contexts to prevent script injection. 4. Deploy Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict execution of unauthorized scripts and mitigate impact of potential XSS payloads. 5. Conduct regular security testing, including automated scanning and manual penetration testing focused on injection flaws. 6. Educate users about phishing risks and encourage caution when clicking unknown links. 7. Monitor web application logs for suspicious requests that may indicate attempted exploitation. 8. If immediate patching is not feasible, consider implementing web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block typical XSS attack patterns targeting KVKNET. 9. Review and harden session management to reduce risk from stolen session tokens. 10. Coordinate with Aryom Software support for any additional security advisories or patches.