CVE-2025-11960 is a reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability classified under CWE-79, affecting Aryom Software High Technology Systems Inc.'s KVKNET product prior to version 2.1.8. The vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of user-supplied input during the generation of web pages, which allows attackers to inject malicious scripts that are reflected back to users without proper sanitization. When a victim clicks on a crafted URL or interacts with a malicious web page, the injected script executes within their browser context, potentially leading to theft of session cookies, user impersonation, or unauthorized actions performed on behalf of the user. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N) indicates that the attack can be launched remotely over the network with low attack complexity, requires no privileges, but does require user interaction. The scope is changed (S:C), meaning the vulnerability can affect resources beyond the initially vulnerable component. The impact affects confidentiality and integrity but not availability. Although no known exploits are reported in the wild, the vulnerability poses a moderate risk, especially for web-facing deployments of KVKNET. The lack of available patches at the time of reporting suggests that organizations should prioritize mitigation strategies. The vulnerability is particularly relevant for environments where KVKNET is used for critical business or governmental functions, as successful exploitation could lead to data leakage or unauthorized actions within user sessions.

For European organizations, the reflected XSS vulnerability in KVKNET can lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information such as session tokens or personal data, enabling attackers to hijack user sessions or perform actions on behalf of legitimate users. This can undermine trust in affected services and potentially lead to regulatory non-compliance under GDPR due to data breaches. Since KVKNET is a software product likely used in business or governmental contexts, exploitation could disrupt workflows or expose confidential information. The requirement for user interaction limits automated exploitation but does not eliminate risk, especially in phishing scenarios targeting employees or customers. The scope change in the CVSS vector suggests that the impact could extend beyond the immediate application, potentially affecting integrated systems or services. European organizations with public-facing KVKNET instances or those with high-value targets are at increased risk. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the medium severity rating indicates that the threat should be taken seriously to prevent future exploitation.

1. Upgrade KVKNET to version 2.1.8 or later as soon as it becomes available, as this version addresses the XSS vulnerability. 2. Until patches are applied, implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block suspicious input patterns and reflected script payloads targeting KVKNET endpoints. 3. Enforce strict input validation on all user-supplied data, ensuring that special characters are properly escaped or sanitized before rendering in web pages. 4. Apply contextual output encoding (e.g., HTML entity encoding) to all dynamic content to prevent script execution. 5. Educate users and employees about the risks of clicking on untrusted links to reduce the likelihood of successful phishing attacks exploiting this vulnerability. 6. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on web application vulnerabilities, including XSS. 7. Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual activity that may indicate attempted exploitation. 8. Review and implement Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts within the browser context. These measures collectively reduce the risk of exploitation and limit the impact if an attack occurs.