CVE-2025-12274 is a remote buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Tenda CH22 router firmware version 1.0.0.1. The vulnerability exists in the fromP2pListFilter function, which processes requests to the /goform/P2pListFilter endpoint. Specifically, the 'page' argument is improperly validated, allowing an attacker to supply crafted input that overflows the buffer. This overflow can lead to arbitrary code execution with elevated privileges due to the lack of authentication and user interaction requirements. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network, making it a critical risk for exposed devices. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P) indicates network attack vector, low attack complexity, no authentication needed, no user interaction, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no confirmed exploits in the wild have been reported, the public disclosure of exploit code increases the likelihood of active exploitation. The absence of official patches at the time of disclosure necessitates immediate mitigation efforts by affected organizations.

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to complete compromise of affected Tenda CH22 devices. Attackers can execute arbitrary code remotely, potentially gaining control over the router’s operating system. This can result in interception or manipulation of network traffic, disruption of network availability, and unauthorized access to internal networks. For organizations, this could mean exposure of sensitive data, disruption of business operations, and use of compromised routers as pivot points for further attacks. Given the router’s role in network infrastructure, the impact extends to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of enterprise and consumer networks. The ease of exploitation and lack of authentication requirements amplify the threat, especially for devices exposed to untrusted networks or the internet.

1. Immediate mitigation should include isolating affected Tenda CH22 devices from untrusted networks, especially the internet, to reduce exposure. 2. Monitor network traffic for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts targeting the /goform/P2pListFilter endpoint. 3. Apply any available firmware updates from Tenda as soon as they are released; if no official patch exists, contact the vendor for guidance. 4. Implement network-level protections such as firewall rules to block access to the vulnerable endpoint or restrict management interfaces to trusted IP addresses only. 5. Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or heuristics capable of detecting exploitation attempts. 6. Conduct regular security assessments of network devices to identify vulnerable firmware versions. 7. Consider device replacement if patching or mitigation is not feasible, especially in high-security environments. 8. Educate network administrators about the vulnerability and signs of compromise to enable rapid response.