CVE-2025-12528 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-434 (Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type) affecting the Pie Forms — Drag & Drop Form Builder plugin for WordPress, developed by genetechproducts. This vulnerability exists in all versions up to and including 1.6 and stems from improper validation of uploaded file types in the format_classic function. Specifically, the validate_classic method checks file extensions and sets error messages for disallowed types but does not halt the upload process, allowing files with dangerous extensions such as .php to be uploaded. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this flaw by uploading a malicious PHP file, which can then be executed remotely if the attacker can guess the directory path where the file is stored. The directory path is generated using a somewhat predictable hash, and the file name is created using a secure hash, which limits but does not eliminate exploitability. Successful exploitation can lead to remote code execution, compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected systems. The vulnerability requires no authentication or user interaction, increasing its risk profile. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the high CVSS score (8.1) indicates a significant threat. The plugin is widely used in WordPress environments, which are common in many European organizations, particularly for public-facing websites and forms.

The impact of CVE-2025-12528 on European organizations can be substantial. Exploitation allows attackers to upload and execute arbitrary code on vulnerable WordPress sites, potentially leading to full system compromise, data theft, defacement, or use of the server as a pivot point for further attacks within the network. This can disrupt business operations, damage reputation, and result in regulatory penalties under GDPR if personal data is compromised. Public sector websites, e-commerce platforms, and SMEs relying on WordPress with the Pie Forms plugin are particularly at risk. The unauthenticated nature of the exploit means attackers can scan and target vulnerable sites en masse, increasing the likelihood of widespread impact. Additionally, the ability to execute code remotely can facilitate ransomware deployment or persistent backdoors, exacerbating the damage. Given the prevalence of WordPress in Europe and the criticality of many affected sites, the threat is significant and requires urgent attention.

1. Monitor genetechproducts’ official channels for patches addressing CVE-2025-12528 and apply updates immediately upon release. 2. Until patches are available, disable or remove the Pie Forms plugin from WordPress installations where feasible. 3. Implement strict server-side validation to block uploads of executable file types, regardless of client-side checks. 4. Restrict file upload directories with appropriate permissions and disable execution of scripts in upload folders via web server configuration (e.g., using .htaccess rules to deny PHP execution). 5. Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules to detect and block suspicious file uploads and access attempts to hashed upload directories. 6. Conduct regular security audits and scanning of WordPress sites to detect unauthorized files or changes. 7. Educate site administrators on secure plugin management and the risks of outdated components. 8. Use intrusion detection systems to monitor for anomalous web requests indicative of exploitation attempts. 9. Maintain comprehensive backups to enable recovery in case of compromise. These measures collectively reduce the risk of exploitation and limit potential damage.