CVE-2025-12760 is an authentication bypass vulnerability classified under CWE-288, affecting the Drupal Email TFA module prior to version 2.0.6. The flaw arises from the module’s handling of authentication flows, where an attacker can exploit an alternate path or channel to bypass the intended two-factor authentication (2FA) mechanism. This bypass allows an attacker with limited privileges (PR:L) to circumvent the 2FA step without requiring user interaction (UI:N), potentially gaining unauthorized access to user accounts protected by Email TFA. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality and integrity by enabling attackers to impersonate legitimate users or escalate privileges, though it does not affect availability. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 5.4 (medium), reflecting network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), and limited privileges required. The scope remains unchanged (S:U), meaning the impact is confined to the vulnerable component without affecting other system components. No public exploits have been reported, but the vulnerability’s presence in a widely used CMS module makes it a significant concern. The lack of patch links suggests that users must upgrade to version 2.0.6 or later once available to remediate the issue. Given Drupal’s extensive use in European public and private sectors, this vulnerability poses a tangible risk if left unaddressed.

For European organizations, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive systems and data protected by Drupal’s Email TFA module, undermining the security benefits of two-factor authentication. Attackers exploiting this flaw may impersonate legitimate users, potentially accessing confidential information or performing unauthorized actions within web applications. This risk is particularly acute for government agencies, financial institutions, and critical infrastructure operators in Europe that rely on Drupal for web content management and secure user authentication. The bypass could facilitate lateral movement within networks or data exfiltration, impacting compliance with GDPR and other data protection regulations. Although the vulnerability does not affect system availability, the compromise of confidentiality and integrity could result in reputational damage, regulatory penalties, and operational disruptions. Organizations with limited patch management capabilities or those using older Drupal Email TFA versions are especially vulnerable.

European organizations should immediately verify their Drupal Email TFA module version and plan an upgrade to version 2.0.6 or later as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, restrict access to Drupal administrative interfaces and enforce strict role-based access controls to limit the privileges of users who could exploit this vulnerability. Implement additional monitoring and alerting for suspicious authentication bypass attempts or anomalous login patterns. Consider deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block exploitation attempts targeting the Email TFA module. Conduct thorough audits of two-factor authentication configurations and ensure fallback authentication methods do not introduce similar bypass risks. Educate administrators and users about the importance of applying security updates promptly and maintaining robust authentication hygiene. Finally, integrate this vulnerability into incident response plans to enable rapid containment if exploitation is detected.