CVE-2025-12994VulnerabilityPublished 4 Dec 2025Updated 8 Dec 2025

CVE-2025-12994: Medtronic CareLink Network · Observable Response Discrepancy

Affects Medtronic CareLink NetworkSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.3 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 06:26 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

5.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 22% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: None
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 4 Dec 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-26.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Medtronic CareLink Network	Affected =0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

To mitigate CVE-2025-12994 effectively, European organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Enforce uniform API response behavior to security question requests, ensuring that responses do not differ based on the existence of user accounts, thereby eliminating observable discrepancies. 2) Deploy rate limiting and anomaly detection on API endpoints to identify and block automated enumeration attempts. 3) Monitor logs for unusual patterns of requests targeting security question APIs, enabling early detection of reconnaissance activities. 4) Restrict API access through network segmentation and firewall rules, limiting exposure to trusted networks or VPNs where possible. 5) Engage with Medtronic for timely patch management and apply updates as soon as they become available. 6) Educate staff and users about phishing risks that may arise from user enumeration and implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) to reduce the risk of account compromise. 7) Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on API security to identify and remediate similar issues proactively. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice by focusing on eliminating information leakage, enhancing detection, and reducing attack surface specific to this vulnerability.

Description

Medtronic CareLink Network allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to initiate a request for security questions to an API endpoint that could be used to determine a valid user account. This issue affects CareLink Network: before December 4, 2025.

Impact

The primary impact of CVE-2025-12994 on European organizations lies in the exposure of valid user accounts within the Medtronic CareLink Network. This user enumeration vulnerability compromises confidentiality by allowing attackers to identify legitimate users, which can be exploited for targeted phishing campaigns, credential stuffing, or further intrusion attempts. Although the vulnerability does not directly affect system integrity or availability, the information gained can serve as a stepping stone for more sophisticated attacks against healthcare providers. European healthcare institutions relying on CareLink for remote monitoring of medical devices could face increased risks of unauthorized access or data breaches if attackers leverage enumerated accounts. Additionally, the exposure of user information may violate data protection regulations such as GDPR, leading to legal and reputational consequences. The lack of authentication and user interaction requirements lowers the barrier for exploitation, increasing the likelihood of reconnaissance activities. However, the absence of known exploits in the wild and the medium CVSS score suggest that immediate critical impact is limited but should not be underestimated given the sensitivity of healthcare environments.

CWE-204Observable Response Discrepancy (opens in a new tab)
Base weakness
The product provides different responses to incoming requests in a way that reveals internal state information to an unauthorized actor outside of the intended control sphere.
Architecture and Design · Separation of Privilege
Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
Implementation
Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended).
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Error Handling (opens in a new tab)
Logging (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V8.3.4 (opens in a new tab)
V14.3.3 (opens in a new tab)
V7.3.3 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
ICMP IP Total Length Field Probe (opens in a new tab)
ICMP IP 'ID' Field Error Message Probe (opens in a new tab)
Application Fingerprinting (opens in a new tab)
System Footprinting (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

medtronic.com/en-us/e/product-security/security-bulletins/carelink-network-vulnerabilities.html (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 11 Dec 2025, 21:52 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-204

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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