CVE-2025-1301 is a reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability classified under CWE-79, affecting the Yordam Informatics Library Automation System versions prior to 21.6. This vulnerability arises due to improper neutralization of user-supplied input during web page generation, allowing malicious scripts to be injected and executed in the context of a victim's browser. Specifically, the reflected XSS occurs when crafted input is sent to the server and immediately reflected back in the HTTP response without adequate sanitization or encoding. This flaw can be exploited by attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript code, potentially leading to session hijacking, credential theft, or redirection to malicious sites. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 6.1 indicates a medium severity, with an attack vector of network (remote exploitation), low attack complexity, no privileges required, but requiring user interaction (e.g., clicking a malicious link). The scope is changed, meaning the vulnerability affects components beyond the initially vulnerable component, potentially impacting the confidentiality and integrity of user data. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no official patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability was reserved in February 2025 and published in May 2025, indicating recent discovery and disclosure. Given the nature of reflected XSS, exploitation typically requires social engineering to lure users into interacting with crafted URLs or inputs. The affected product is a library automation system, which is used to manage library resources and user interactions, often including user authentication and sensitive data such as borrowing records and personal information.

For European organizations, particularly libraries and educational institutions using the Yordam Informatics Library Automation System, this vulnerability poses a risk to user confidentiality and data integrity. Exploitation could lead to theft of user credentials, unauthorized access to user accounts, and manipulation of user sessions. This can undermine trust in library services and potentially expose personal data of patrons, which is subject to strict data protection regulations such as GDPR. Additionally, successful exploitation could be a stepping stone for further attacks within the organization's network if session tokens or authentication cookies are compromised. The reflected XSS does not directly impact system availability but can facilitate phishing and malware delivery, increasing overall security risk. Given the medium severity and the requirement for user interaction, the threat is moderate but should not be underestimated, especially in environments with vulnerable user populations or limited cybersecurity awareness.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Apply input validation and output encoding rigorously on all user-supplied data reflected in web pages, using context-appropriate encoding (e.g., HTML entity encoding). 2) Employ Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts and reduce the impact of XSS attacks. 3) Educate users and staff about the risks of clicking on suspicious links and the importance of verifying URLs before interaction. 4) Monitor web application logs for unusual input patterns or repeated attempts to inject scripts. 5) If possible, upgrade the Yordam Informatics Library Automation System to version 21.6 or later once patches are released. 6) Use web application firewalls (WAFs) configured to detect and block reflected XSS payloads targeting the affected system. 7) Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focusing on input validation weaknesses. These steps go beyond generic advice by emphasizing layered defenses, user awareness, and proactive monitoring tailored to the specific product and vulnerability.