CVE-2025-13451 identifies a SQL Injection vulnerability in the SourceCodester Online Shop Project version 1.0, located in an unspecified function within the /action.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the Search parameter, which is directly used in SQL queries. This flaw enables an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands, potentially allowing unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion. The vulnerability does not require user interaction or privileges, making it highly accessible for exploitation. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and partial impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). Although no active exploitation in the wild is reported, a public exploit is available, increasing the risk of attacks such as data exfiltration, authentication bypass, or database corruption. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, which is a web-based e-commerce platform commonly used for online shop deployments. The absence of official patches necessitates immediate mitigation through secure coding practices and protective controls.

For European organizations, exploitation of this SQL Injection vulnerability could lead to significant data breaches involving customer information, payment details, and proprietary business data, undermining confidentiality. Integrity of the database could be compromised, allowing attackers to alter product listings, prices, or transaction records, potentially causing financial losses and reputational damage. Availability may also be affected if attackers execute destructive SQL commands or cause database crashes, disrupting e-commerce operations. Given the GDPR regulations in Europe, such breaches could result in severe legal and financial penalties. Organizations relying on SourceCodester Online Shop Project or similar custom deployments are particularly vulnerable. The medium severity rating reflects a balance between the ease of exploitation and the partial impact on security properties, but the presence of a public exploit increases urgency. The threat is especially critical for businesses with high online transaction volumes and sensitive customer data.

To mitigate CVE-2025-13451, organizations should immediately audit all SQL query constructions involving user inputs, particularly the Search parameter in /action.php. Replace any dynamic SQL concatenation with parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent injection. Implement strict input validation and sanitization routines to reject or neutralize malicious payloads. Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) configured to detect and block SQL Injection patterns targeting the affected endpoints. Conduct thorough code reviews and penetration testing to identify similar vulnerabilities elsewhere in the application. If possible, isolate the affected system from critical internal networks to limit lateral movement. Monitor logs for suspicious query patterns or anomalous database activities. Engage with SourceCodester or community forums for any forthcoming patches or updates. Finally, educate developers on secure coding standards to prevent recurrence.