CVE-2025-14401 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read) affecting PDFsam Enhanced version 7.0.76.15222. The flaw exists due to insufficient validation of user-supplied data within the handling of App objects, which leads to reading beyond the bounds of allocated memory buffers. This memory corruption can be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary code remotely in the context of the current process. The attack vector requires user interaction, such as opening a maliciously crafted PDF file or visiting a malicious webpage that triggers the vulnerability. The CVSS 3.0 base score is 7.8, indicating high severity, with attack vector local (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), user interaction required (UI:R), unchanged scope (S:U), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). Although no known exploits are reported in the wild, the vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the potential for remote code execution. The lack of patch links suggests that a fix may not yet be publicly available, emphasizing the need for proactive mitigation. PDFsam Enhanced is a popular PDF editing and management tool used in various professional environments, making this vulnerability relevant for organizations relying on secure document workflows.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-14401 can be substantial. Successful exploitation allows attackers to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the user running PDFsam Enhanced, potentially leading to full system compromise, data theft, or disruption of critical document processing workflows. Confidentiality is at risk as attackers could access sensitive documents; integrity is compromised by the possibility of unauthorized code execution altering system or document states; availability may be affected if attackers deploy destructive payloads or ransomware. Organizations in sectors such as legal, finance, government, and healthcare, which heavily rely on PDF documents and secure processing, are particularly vulnerable. The requirement for user interaction means social engineering or phishing campaigns could be used to deliver malicious files or links. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers may develop exploits once patches are released or if the vulnerability becomes publicly known.

1. Monitor for official patches or updates from PDFsam and apply them immediately once available. 2. Until patches are released, restrict PDFsam Enhanced usage to trusted users and environments only. 3. Implement strict file handling policies to avoid opening PDF files from untrusted or unknown sources. 4. Employ endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting anomalous behavior or exploitation attempts related to memory corruption. 5. Use application whitelisting to prevent unauthorized execution of unknown or suspicious code. 6. Educate users about the risks of opening unsolicited PDF files or clicking on unknown links, emphasizing the need for caution. 7. Consider sandboxing PDFsam Enhanced or running it in isolated environments to limit potential damage from exploitation. 8. Monitor network and endpoint logs for unusual activity that could indicate exploitation attempts. 9. Maintain regular backups of critical data to enable recovery in case of compromise. 10. Coordinate with cybersecurity teams to prepare incident response plans specific to PDF-related threats.