The vulnerability CVE-2025-14588 affects the itsourcecode Student Management System version 1.0, specifically in the /update_program.php script. The issue arises from improper sanitization of the 'ID' parameter, which is susceptible to SQL injection attacks. An attacker can remotely send crafted requests manipulating this parameter to inject malicious SQL queries. This can lead to unauthorized access to the backend database, allowing attackers to read, modify, or delete sensitive student and administrative data. The vulnerability requires no authentication or user interaction, making it highly accessible to remote attackers. The CVSS 4.0 score of 6.9 reflects a medium severity, factoring in the lack of privileges and user interaction but acknowledging the potential impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no active exploits have been observed in the wild, the public release of exploit code increases the likelihood of attacks. The absence of patches or official remediation guidance necessitates immediate attention from organizations using this software. The vulnerability highlights the critical need for secure coding practices such as parameterized queries and rigorous input validation in web applications handling sensitive educational data.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using the itsourcecode Student Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses significant risks. Exploitation can lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive student records, including personal identification and academic information, violating data protection regulations such as GDPR. Integrity of data can be compromised, potentially altering grades or attendance records, which undermines trust and operational reliability. Availability may also be affected if attackers execute destructive queries or cause database corruption. The reputational damage and potential legal consequences from data breaches are considerable. Given the remote and unauthenticated nature of the attack vector, the threat surface is broad, increasing the urgency for mitigation. Organizations relying on this software without timely patches are vulnerable to data breaches, regulatory penalties, and operational disruptions.

To mitigate CVE-2025-14588, organizations should immediately audit and review the /update_program.php code, focusing on the handling of the 'ID' parameter. Implement parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection. Enforce strict input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied data, especially URL parameters. If possible, restrict access to the vulnerable endpoint via network controls such as firewalls or VPNs to limit exposure. Monitor logs for suspicious activity targeting the 'ID' parameter or unusual database queries. Engage with the vendor or development team to obtain or develop patches addressing the vulnerability. Additionally, conduct security awareness training for developers to prevent similar issues. Regularly back up databases and test restoration procedures to minimize impact in case of compromise. Finally, consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with SQL injection detection rules as an interim protective measure.