CVE-2025-14636 identifies a cryptographic weakness in the Tenda AX9 router firmware version 22.03.01.46, specifically within the image_check function of the embedded httpd service. This function is responsible for verifying the integrity and authenticity of firmware images before installation. The vulnerability stems from the use of a weak hash algorithm during this verification process, which can be manipulated by a remote attacker to bypass integrity checks. This could allow an attacker to install malicious firmware or alter the device's software state without detection. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), requiring no privileges (PR:N) or user interaction (UI:N), but the attack complexity is high (AC:H), indicating that exploitation requires significant effort or specialized knowledge. The impact on confidentiality is none, but there is a low impact on integrity (VI:L) and no impact on availability or other security properties. Although the exploit code has been publicly released, no known exploits in the wild have been reported, suggesting limited active exploitation. The vulnerability affects only firmware version 22.03.01.46, and no official patches have been linked yet. The weakness could be leveraged in targeted attacks to compromise network infrastructure by installing unauthorized firmware, potentially leading to persistent device control or data interception.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk to network infrastructure security where Tenda AX9 routers are deployed. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to bypass firmware integrity checks and install malicious firmware, leading to device compromise. This may result in unauthorized access to internal networks, interception or manipulation of network traffic, and potential lateral movement within organizational environments. Given the high attack complexity and lack of reported active exploitation, the immediate risk is moderate. However, the public availability of exploit code increases the likelihood of future attacks, especially targeting critical infrastructure or high-value networks. Organizations relying on Tenda AX9 routers without timely firmware updates or compensating controls may face increased exposure to espionage, data breaches, or service disruption. The impact is particularly relevant for sectors with stringent security requirements such as government, finance, and telecommunications within Europe.

1. Monitor Tenda's official channels for firmware updates addressing CVE-2025-14636 and apply patches promptly once available. 2. In the absence of patches, restrict network access to the management interfaces of Tenda AX9 routers using firewall rules or network segmentation to limit exposure to untrusted networks. 3. Implement network intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) to detect anomalous firmware update attempts or suspicious HTTP traffic targeting the router. 4. Conduct regular integrity checks and audits of router firmware versions and configurations to detect unauthorized changes. 5. Employ strong network access controls and authentication mechanisms to reduce the risk of unauthorized remote access. 6. Consider replacing vulnerable devices in high-security environments if timely patches are unavailable. 7. Educate network administrators about the vulnerability and the importance of monitoring for signs of compromise related to firmware tampering.