CVE-2025-14909 is a vulnerability identified in the JeecgBoot framework, specifically affecting the SysUserOnlineController class within the system module. This flaw allows an attacker to remotely manipulate user sessions by exploiting weaknesses in session management functionality. The vulnerability exists in all versions up to and including 3.9.0. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), requires low attack complexity (AC:L), and does not require user interaction (UI:N). However, it requires low privileges (PR:L), indicating that an attacker must have some level of authenticated access but not administrative rights. The vulnerability impacts the integrity and availability of user sessions (VA:L), potentially allowing attackers to hijack, terminate, or otherwise interfere with active sessions. No confidentiality impact is noted. The vulnerability does not involve scope changes or privilege escalation beyond session manipulation. Although no active exploits in the wild have been reported, a public exploit is available, increasing the risk of exploitation. The vendor has released a patch (commit b686f9fbd1917edffe5922c6362c817a9361cfbd) to address the issue, and applying this patch is strongly recommended. The vulnerability’s CVSS 4.0 score is 5.3, categorizing it as medium severity, reflecting moderate risk due to ease of exploitation and potential session disruption. Organizations using JeecgBoot should audit their session management implementations and monitor for unusual session activities to detect exploitation attempts.

For European organizations, the vulnerability poses a risk to the integrity and availability of user sessions within applications built on JeecgBoot. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to manipulate active sessions, potentially leading to unauthorized access, session hijacking, or denial of service for legitimate users. This can disrupt business operations, especially for services relying on continuous user sessions such as enterprise portals, internal management systems, or customer-facing applications. The requirement for low privileges means insider threats or compromised low-level accounts could leverage this vulnerability to escalate their impact. Although confidentiality is not directly affected, session manipulation can indirectly facilitate further attacks or data exposure. The absence of known active exploits reduces immediate risk but the availability of public exploit code increases the likelihood of future attacks. European organizations in sectors such as finance, government, and critical infrastructure that utilize JeecgBoot are particularly vulnerable to operational disruptions and reputational damage. The medium severity rating suggests a moderate but actionable threat level.

1. Immediately apply the official patch identified by commit b686f9fbd1917edffe5922c6362c817a9361cfbd to all affected JeecgBoot instances. 2. Conduct a thorough review of session management controls within the affected applications, ensuring robust session validation and timeout mechanisms. 3. Implement enhanced monitoring and logging of session activities to detect anomalies such as unexpected session terminations or creations. 4. Restrict access to the SysUserOnlineController endpoint to trusted roles and networks where possible, minimizing exposure. 5. Enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) to reduce the risk posed by compromised low-privilege accounts. 6. Regularly audit user privileges to ensure minimal necessary access is granted, limiting the potential for exploitation. 7. Educate developers and system administrators about secure session management best practices to prevent similar vulnerabilities. 8. Consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious session manipulation attempts targeting this vulnerability.