CVE-2025-1501 is an access control vulnerability identified in Nozomi Networks' CMC product, specifically affecting versions prior to 25.1.0. The vulnerability arises from improper enforcement of access restrictions in the Request Trace and Download Trace functionalities. Authenticated users with limited privileges can exploit this flaw to request and download trace files that they should not have access to. These trace files potentially contain sensitive network data, which could include detailed logs or diagnostic information about network traffic and operations. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization), indicating that the system fails to properly verify whether a user has the necessary permissions before granting access to certain resources. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), with an attack vector of network (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required beyond limited user access (PR:L), and no user interaction needed (UI:N). The impact is primarily on confidentiality due to unauthorized data exposure, with no direct impact on integrity or availability. No known exploits are reported in the wild as of the publication date (August 26, 2025). This vulnerability could be leveraged by insiders or compromised accounts with limited privileges to gain unauthorized insight into network operations, potentially aiding further attacks or reconnaissance.

For European organizations, especially those in critical infrastructure sectors such as energy, manufacturing, and transportation that commonly deploy Nozomi Networks CMC for operational technology (OT) and network monitoring, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized disclosure of sensitive network trace data. Exposure of such data could facilitate lateral movement, network mapping, or identification of vulnerabilities within industrial control systems. This could lead to increased risk of targeted cyberattacks or espionage. Given the regulatory environment in Europe, including GDPR and NIS2 Directive requirements for cybersecurity and data protection, unauthorized data exposure—even if limited to network trace files—could result in compliance violations and reputational damage. The medium severity rating suggests that while the vulnerability is not immediately critical, it represents a meaningful risk that should be addressed promptly to prevent escalation or exploitation in multi-stage attacks.

1. Immediate upgrade to Nozomi Networks CMC version 25.1.0 or later, where the access control issue has been fixed, is the primary mitigation step. 2. Until patching is possible, restrict access to the Request Trace and Download Trace functionalities strictly to trusted administrators by adjusting role-based access controls (RBAC) and user permissions within CMC. 3. Implement network segmentation and monitoring to detect unusual access patterns or data downloads from CMC, especially from accounts with limited privileges. 4. Conduct regular audits of user privileges and access logs to identify any unauthorized attempts to access trace files. 5. Employ multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all users accessing CMC to reduce the risk of compromised credentials being used to exploit this vulnerability. 6. Coordinate with Nozomi Networks support for any available interim security advisories or workarounds. 7. Educate users about the sensitivity of trace data and enforce strict policies on data handling and sharing.