CVE-2025-15048 is a command injection vulnerability identified in the Tenda WH450 router firmware version 1.0.0.18. The flaw resides in the HTTP request handler component, specifically in the /goform/CheckTools endpoint. An attacker can manipulate the 'ipaddress' parameter in HTTP requests to inject arbitrary system commands, which the device executes with the privileges of the HTTP handler process. This vulnerability is remotely exploitable without authentication or user interaction, making it highly accessible to attackers. The vulnerability impacts the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the device and potentially the broader network it serves. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P) indicates network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and partial impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no exploits have been observed in the wild yet, the public disclosure increases the risk of exploitation. The lack of an official patch or update at the time of disclosure necessitates immediate mitigation efforts. Attackers exploiting this vulnerability could gain control over the router, intercept or manipulate network traffic, or use the device as a foothold for further attacks within an organization’s network.

For European organizations, the exploitation of CVE-2025-15048 could lead to severe security breaches. Compromised Tenda WH450 routers could allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands, potentially leading to full device compromise. This can result in interception of sensitive data, disruption of network services, and unauthorized access to internal networks. Organizations relying on these routers for critical infrastructure or sensitive communications face risks of espionage, data theft, and operational downtime. The vulnerability’s remote and unauthenticated nature increases the attack surface, especially for organizations with exposed management interfaces or poorly segmented networks. Additionally, compromised routers could be leveraged to launch further attacks such as lateral movement, malware deployment, or participation in botnets. The medium CVSS score reflects the significant but not catastrophic impact, emphasizing the need for timely mitigation to prevent escalation.

1. Immediately isolate Tenda WH450 devices running firmware version 1.0.0.18 from untrusted networks, especially the internet, to reduce exposure. 2. Monitor network traffic for unusual requests targeting /goform/CheckTools or suspicious 'ipaddress' parameter usage. 3. Implement network-level filtering or web application firewall (WAF) rules to block or sanitize requests to the vulnerable endpoint. 4. Contact Tenda support or check official channels regularly for firmware updates or patches addressing this vulnerability. 5. If patching is not yet available, consider replacing affected devices with models not impacted by this vulnerability. 6. Enforce strict access controls and network segmentation to limit the impact of potential compromises. 7. Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability scans to detect affected devices within the network. 8. Educate IT staff about the vulnerability and signs of exploitation to enable rapid incident response.