CVE-2025-15077 is a SQL injection vulnerability identified in the itsourcecode Student Management System version 1.0, specifically within an unknown function in the /form137.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'ID' parameter, which allows an attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands into the backend database query. This injection can be performed remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction, making it highly accessible to attackers. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9 (medium severity) with vector AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L, indicating network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction needed, and low impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability individually but collectively significant. Exploiting this flaw could allow attackers to read, modify, or delete sensitive student data, potentially leading to data breaches, unauthorized data manipulation, or denial of service conditions. Although no known exploits are currently active in the wild, the public disclosure of the vulnerability increases the likelihood of exploitation attempts. The affected product is a niche Student Management System, likely used by educational institutions for managing student records and administrative data. The lack of available patches or vendor advisories at this time necessitates immediate defensive measures by administrators.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using the itsourcecode Student Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of student and administrative data. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive personal information, manipulation of academic records, and potential disruption of educational services. Given the remote and unauthenticated nature of the attack, threat actors could leverage this vulnerability to conduct large-scale data breaches or ransomware attacks targeting education sector infrastructure. The impact extends to compliance risks under GDPR due to potential exposure of personal data. Additionally, reputational damage and operational disruptions could arise from successful exploitation. Organizations relying on legacy or niche software solutions without timely patching are particularly vulnerable. The medium severity rating suggests that while the vulnerability is serious, it may not lead to full system compromise without additional factors, but still requires urgent attention.

Immediate mitigation steps include implementing strict input validation and sanitization on the 'ID' parameter within /form137.php to prevent SQL injection. Employ parameterized queries or prepared statements in the application code to eliminate direct concatenation of user inputs into SQL commands. Network-level protections such as web application firewalls (WAFs) should be configured to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting this endpoint. Conduct a thorough audit of all input handling in the Student Management System to identify and remediate similar injection points. Since no official patch is currently available, consider isolating or restricting access to the vulnerable system until a vendor update is released. Regularly monitor logs for suspicious query patterns or anomalous database activity. Educate IT staff on the risks and detection techniques for SQL injection attacks. Finally, plan for a timely update or migration to a supported and secure version of the software once patches are issued.