CVE-2025-15163 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Tenda WH450 router firmware version 1.0.0.18. The vulnerability resides in an unspecified functionality within the /goform/SafeEmailFilter endpoint, specifically through improper handling of the 'page' argument. By sending a specially crafted request to this endpoint, an attacker can overflow the stack buffer, potentially overwriting the return address or other control data on the stack. This can lead to arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the affected process, which is typically running with elevated permissions on the router. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network without requiring authentication or user interaction, making it highly dangerous. The CVSS v4.0 score of 8.6 reflects the ease of exploitation (network attack vector, low attack complexity), lack of required privileges or user interaction, and the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no active exploitation has been reported, public exploit code availability increases the likelihood of future attacks. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0.0.18 of the Tenda WH450 firmware, and no official patches have been linked yet. The router is commonly used in small to medium enterprise and home environments, often serving as a gateway device, which makes exploitation potentially impactful on network security and data privacy.

For European organizations, exploitation of CVE-2025-15163 could lead to full compromise of affected Tenda WH450 routers, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code remotely. This can result in interception or manipulation of network traffic, disruption of internet connectivity, and potential lateral movement within internal networks. Confidential information passing through the router could be exposed or altered, impacting data privacy compliance such as GDPR. Critical infrastructure or business operations relying on these devices may experience outages or data breaches. The high severity and remote exploitability make this vulnerability a significant risk, especially for organizations that have not segmented their networks or rely on these routers for perimeter defense. The lack of authentication requirement further increases the threat surface, enabling attackers to target vulnerable devices exposed to the internet or accessible within internal networks.

1. Immediately identify and inventory all Tenda WH450 devices running firmware version 1.0.0.18 within the network. 2. If available, apply official firmware updates or patches from Tenda addressing CVE-2025-15163 as soon as they are released. 3. In the absence of patches, restrict access to the /goform/SafeEmailFilter endpoint by implementing firewall rules or access control lists to block external and unnecessary internal access. 4. Segment networks to isolate vulnerable routers from critical systems and sensitive data. 5. Disable any unnecessary services or features on the router that may expose the vulnerable endpoint. 6. Monitor network traffic for unusual requests targeting /goform/SafeEmailFilter or anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 7. Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems with updated signatures to detect attempts to exploit this vulnerability. 8. Educate IT staff about this vulnerability and ensure rapid incident response capabilities are in place. 9. Consider replacing affected devices with models from vendors with more robust security update policies if patching is delayed or unavailable.