The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-15165 affects the itsourcecode Online Cake Ordering System version 1.0. It is an SQL injection vulnerability located in the /updatecustomer.php script, specifically when the 'action=edit' parameter is used and the 'ID' argument is manipulated. This improper input sanitization allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands into the backend database query. The vulnerability can be exploited without any user interaction or privileges, making it accessible to any remote attacker with network access to the web application. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9 (medium severity), reflecting the network attack vector, low complexity, no authentication, and partial impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. While no exploits have been reported in the wild, the public disclosure of the vulnerability increases the risk of exploitation by attackers seeking to extract sensitive customer data, modify database records, or disrupt service availability. The affected product is typically deployed by small to medium-sized enterprises in the food ordering and catering industry, which may lack mature security practices. The absence of vendor patches or official remediation guidance necessitates immediate mitigation through secure coding practices such as using parameterized queries, input validation, and deploying web application firewalls to detect and block SQL injection attempts.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality of customer data, including personal and payment information, as well as the integrity of order and customer records. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized data disclosure, data manipulation, or denial of service conditions impacting business operations. Small and medium-sized enterprises in the food delivery and catering sectors, which often rely on such online ordering systems, may face reputational damage, regulatory penalties under GDPR for data breaches, and financial losses. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the attack vector increases the likelihood of exploitation, especially in environments with limited security monitoring. Disruption of online ordering services could also affect customer trust and revenue streams. Given the widespread use of e-commerce platforms in Europe, the vulnerability could have a broad impact if left unmitigated.

1. Immediate code remediation should be undertaken to replace vulnerable SQL query constructions with parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent injection. 2. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied parameters, particularly the 'ID' parameter in /updatecustomer.php. 3. Deploy a web application firewall (WAF) configured to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting this endpoint. 4. Conduct thorough security testing, including automated and manual penetration tests, to verify the absence of injection flaws. 5. Monitor web application logs for suspicious query patterns or repeated failed attempts to exploit the injection point. 6. If patching is not immediately possible, consider isolating the vulnerable system behind network controls or limiting access to trusted IP addresses. 7. Educate development teams on secure coding practices to prevent similar vulnerabilities in future releases. 8. Prepare an incident response plan in case exploitation is detected, including data breach notification procedures compliant with GDPR.