CVE-2025-15167 is a SQL injection vulnerability identified in the itsourcecode Online Cake Ordering System version 1.0. The vulnerability resides in the /detailtransac.php script, specifically in the handling of the 'ID' parameter. An attacker can manipulate this parameter to inject malicious SQL code, which the backend database executes. This can lead to unauthorized data retrieval, modification, or deletion, compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system's data. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring authentication or user interaction, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level, with the vector highlighting network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges or user interaction needed, and limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no active exploits have been reported in the wild, the public disclosure of exploit details raises the likelihood of future attacks. The vulnerability is critical for online ordering systems that handle sensitive customer and transaction data, potentially exposing personal information and business-critical data. The lack of patches or vendor advisories necessitates immediate defensive actions by system administrators.

For European organizations, exploitation of this SQL injection vulnerability could result in unauthorized access to customer data, including personal and payment information, leading to data breaches and regulatory non-compliance under GDPR. Integrity of transaction records could be compromised, causing financial discrepancies and loss of customer trust. Availability of the online ordering service could be disrupted by malicious queries, impacting business operations and revenue. The reputational damage from a successful attack could be significant, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises relying on this software. Additionally, attackers could leverage the vulnerability as a foothold for further network intrusion or lateral movement within the organization’s infrastructure. Given the remote exploitation capability and no need for authentication, the threat is particularly concerning for organizations lacking robust perimeter defenses or input validation controls.

Organizations should immediately implement strict input validation and sanitization on the 'ID' parameter in /detailtransac.php to prevent SQL injection. Employing parameterized queries or prepared statements is essential to eliminate direct injection risks. If possible, update or patch the software once the vendor releases a fix. In the interim, consider deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting this endpoint. Conduct thorough code reviews and security testing of all input handling components within the application. Restrict database user permissions to the minimum necessary to limit the impact of a successful injection. Monitor logs for unusual query patterns or errors indicative of injection attempts. Educate development and operations teams about secure coding practices and the importance of timely vulnerability remediation. Finally, maintain regular backups of critical data to enable recovery in case of data corruption or loss.