CVE-2025-15196 is a SQL injection vulnerability identified in code-projects Assessment Management version 1.0, specifically within the login.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'userid' parameter, allowing an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This flaw enables remote attackers to manipulate backend SQL queries without requiring authentication or user interaction, potentially leading to unauthorized access, data leakage, or modification of database contents. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9, indicating a medium severity level, with attack vector network (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), and no user interaction (UI:N). The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is limited but present, as the attacker can partially control database queries. No patches are currently linked, and no active exploitation in the wild has been reported, but a public exploit exists, increasing the risk of future attacks. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, which is used primarily in educational or assessment management contexts. The lack of authentication requirements and remote exploitability make this a significant concern for organizations relying on this software for sensitive data management.

For European organizations, especially those in education, certification, or assessment sectors using code-projects Assessment Management 1.0, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized data access and potential data integrity compromise. Attackers could extract sensitive user information, alter assessment results, or disrupt service availability. This could lead to reputational damage, regulatory non-compliance (e.g., GDPR violations due to data breaches), and operational disruptions. Given the public availability of an exploit, the risk of targeted attacks or opportunistic exploitation is elevated. Organizations with interconnected systems or those that integrate this software with other critical infrastructure may face broader impacts. The medium severity rating suggests that while the vulnerability is serious, it may not lead to full system compromise but still requires timely remediation to prevent escalation.

1. Apply official patches or updates from code-projects as soon as they become available to address the SQL injection vulnerability. 2. In the absence of patches, implement immediate input validation and sanitization on the 'userid' parameter to prevent injection of malicious SQL code. 3. Refactor the login.php code to use parameterized queries or prepared statements, eliminating direct concatenation of user inputs into SQL queries. 4. Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules specifically designed to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the userid parameter. 5. Conduct regular security audits and code reviews focusing on input handling and database interactions. 6. Monitor logs for unusual query patterns or repeated failed login attempts that may indicate exploitation attempts. 7. Restrict database user permissions to the minimum necessary to limit the impact of any successful injection. 8. Educate developers and administrators about secure coding practices and the risks of SQL injection vulnerabilities.