CVE-2025-15382 is a heap buffer over-read vulnerability classified under CWE-125, found in the wolfSSH library, specifically in the wolfSSH_CleanPath() function. This function is responsible for sanitizing SCP (Secure Copy Protocol) path inputs. The vulnerability arises when the function processes crafted SCP path strings containing '/./' sequences, which are used to represent the current directory. Due to improper bounds checking, this crafted input causes the function to read one byte beyond the allocated heap buffer. The over-read is subtle but can lead to the disclosure of adjacent memory contents, potentially leaking sensitive information or causing application crashes. Exploitation requires an attacker to be authenticated with low privileges and to interact with the system by submitting malicious SCP paths. The CVSS 4.0 score of 5.1 reflects the medium severity, considering the network attack vector, low attack complexity, and the need for some user interaction. The affected version is wolfSSH 1.4.12, a widely used SSH library in embedded systems and IoT devices. No patches or exploits are currently known, but the vulnerability could be leveraged in targeted attacks to gain intelligence or disrupt services. The flaw does not affect confidentiality, integrity, or availability at a high level but poses a risk of minor information leakage or instability.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-15382 depends largely on their use of wolfSSH in embedded devices, IoT infrastructure, or secure file transfer implementations. The vulnerability could lead to minor information disclosure or application crashes, which may affect the reliability of critical systems, especially in industrial control, telecommunications, or healthcare sectors where embedded devices are prevalent. While the risk of full system compromise is low, attackers with network access and valid credentials could exploit this to gain insights into memory contents, potentially aiding further attacks. Disruptions or data leaks in sensitive environments could have regulatory and operational consequences under GDPR and other compliance frameworks. The medium severity rating suggests that while urgent patching is not critical, organizations should prioritize mitigation to prevent exploitation in multi-stage attacks.

Since no official patch is currently available, European organizations should implement several practical mitigations: 1) Restrict SCP access to trusted users and networks to reduce exposure to authenticated attackers. 2) Employ network segmentation and strict firewall rules to limit access to devices running wolfSSH. 3) Monitor SCP traffic for unusual path patterns containing '/./' sequences that could indicate exploitation attempts. 4) Implement application-level input validation or wrappers that sanitize SCP paths before passing them to wolfSSH. 5) Where possible, upgrade to newer wolfSSH versions once patches are released or consider alternative SSH libraries with active maintenance. 6) Conduct thorough code audits and fuzz testing on wolfSSH integrations to detect similar path parsing issues. 7) Maintain robust logging and alerting to detect anomalous SCP usage patterns. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on access control, input validation, and proactive monitoring tailored to this vulnerability's characteristics.