CVE-2025-15388 is an OS Command Injection vulnerability identified in the VPN Firewall product developed by QNO Technology. The flaw arises due to improper neutralization of special characters in OS commands (CWE-78), allowing authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary commands that the underlying operating system executes. The vulnerability requires authentication but no user interaction, and the attacker privileges needed are low (PR:L). The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no user interaction (UI:N), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H). This means an attacker who gains access to the management interface can execute commands to compromise the firewall, potentially gaining control over network traffic, exfiltrating sensitive data, or disrupting services. The vulnerability affects all versions listed as '0' (likely meaning all current versions or an unspecified version). No patches are currently available, and no known exploits have been observed in the wild, but the risk is significant given the nature of the product and the impact of exploitation. The vulnerability was published on December 31, 2025, and assigned by TW-CERT. Given the critical role of VPN firewalls in securing remote access and network perimeters, this vulnerability represents a serious threat vector.

For European organizations, exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to severe consequences including unauthorized access to internal networks, interception or manipulation of sensitive data, disruption of VPN services, and potential lateral movement within corporate networks. Given the VPN Firewall's role as a security gateway, compromise could undermine the entire network security posture, exposing confidential business information and critical infrastructure controls. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure are particularly at risk. The high CVSS score reflects the potential for widespread impact and the ease with which attackers can exploit the vulnerability once authenticated. The lack of public exploits currently provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the threat landscape could rapidly evolve. Additionally, the vulnerability could be leveraged in targeted attacks or espionage campaigns against European entities relying on QNO VPN Firewalls.

1. Immediately restrict access to the VPN Firewall management interface to trusted IP addresses and networks using firewall rules or VPN segmentation. 2. Enforce strong authentication mechanisms and monitor for unusual login attempts or privilege escalations. 3. Apply vendor patches or updates as soon as they become available; maintain close communication with QNO Technology for patch release information. 4. Implement network segmentation to limit the impact of a compromised firewall. 5. Enable detailed logging and real-time monitoring of command execution and administrative actions on the firewall. 6. Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing focused on the VPN Firewall environment. 7. Consider deploying intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) to detect anomalous command injection attempts. 8. Educate administrators on the risks of OS command injection and the importance of secure configuration management. 9. If patching is delayed, consider temporary compensating controls such as disabling unnecessary services or interfaces on the firewall.