CVE-2025-15501 is a critical remote OS command injection vulnerability affecting Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System versions 3.0.0 through 3.0.8. The vulnerability resides in the WriterHandle.getCmd function located in the /isomp-protocol/protocol/getCmd file. Specifically, the sessionPath argument is improperly sanitized, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary operating system commands. This flaw can be exploited remotely without any authentication or user interaction, making it highly dangerous. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability by enabling attackers to execute arbitrary commands, potentially leading to full system compromise, data theft, or service disruption. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 9.3, reflecting the critical nature of this issue. Although the vendor was notified early, no patches or official mitigations have been released, and public exploit code is available, increasing the likelihood of exploitation. The affected product is commonly used for operation and maintenance management in enterprise and critical infrastructure environments, amplifying the risk. Attackers could leverage this vulnerability to gain persistent access, move laterally within networks, or disrupt essential services. The lack of vendor response necessitates immediate defensive measures by users of the affected versions.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a severe risk due to the critical role Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System plays in managing IT infrastructure and operational environments. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized command execution, resulting in data breaches, system downtime, or sabotage of critical infrastructure components. This is particularly concerning for sectors such as energy, telecommunications, transportation, and government services, where operational continuity and data integrity are paramount. The remote, unauthenticated nature of the exploit means attackers can compromise systems from anywhere, increasing the threat surface. Additionally, the public availability of exploit code raises the risk of widespread attacks, including ransomware or espionage campaigns targeting European entities. The absence of vendor patches forces organizations to rely on network-level defenses and monitoring, which may not fully mitigate the risk. Overall, this vulnerability could disrupt business operations, cause financial losses, and damage reputations if exploited in Europe.

1. Immediately restrict network access to the Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System, limiting connections to trusted internal networks only. 2. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious command injection patterns targeting the sessionPath parameter. 3. Conduct thorough network and host-based monitoring for unusual command execution or process spawning related to the affected service. 4. Isolate vulnerable systems from critical network segments to contain potential breaches. 5. Implement strict input validation and sanitization at the application layer if possible, or consider temporary application-level proxies that filter malicious inputs. 6. Engage with Sangfor or third-party security vendors for potential unofficial patches or workarounds. 7. Prepare incident response plans specific to this vulnerability, including rapid containment and forensic analysis procedures. 8. Plan for upgrade or replacement of the affected product once a patch becomes available, prioritizing critical infrastructure systems. 9. Educate IT and security teams about the vulnerability and signs of exploitation to enhance detection capabilities.