CVE-2025-15501 is an OS command injection vulnerability identified in Sangfor's Operation and Maintenance Management System (OMMS) versions 3.0.0 through 3.0.8. The vulnerability resides in the WriterHandle.getCmd function, specifically in the handling of the sessionPath parameter within the /isomp-protocol/protocol/getCmd file. Improper sanitization or validation of this input allows an attacker to inject arbitrary operating system commands. This flaw can be exploited remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction, making it highly dangerous. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H) reflects that the attack can be launched over the network with low complexity and no privileges, resulting in high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed with proof-of-concept exploit code available, but Sangfor has not issued any patches or advisories. This leaves systems running vulnerable versions exposed to potential compromise, including unauthorized data access, system takeover, or disruption of operations. The lack of vendor response and patch availability necessitates immediate defensive actions by users of the affected software.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability can be severe. The ability to execute arbitrary OS commands remotely without authentication means attackers can gain full control over affected systems. This can lead to data breaches involving sensitive or regulated information, disruption of critical maintenance and operational workflows, and potential lateral movement within networks. Organizations in sectors such as energy, telecommunications, manufacturing, and government that rely on Sangfor OMMS for infrastructure management are particularly at risk. The compromise of these systems could result in operational downtime, financial losses, reputational damage, and regulatory penalties under GDPR and other data protection laws. The public availability of exploits increases the likelihood of targeted attacks or opportunistic scanning by cybercriminals and nation-state actors. The absence of vendor patches further exacerbates the risk, making mitigation and detection critical.

Given the lack of official patches, European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls. These include: 1) Restricting network access to the Sangfor OMMS management interfaces using firewalls and network segmentation to limit exposure to trusted administrators only. 2) Deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious command injection patterns targeting the sessionPath parameter. 3) Monitoring logs and network traffic for unusual command execution attempts or anomalies related to the /isomp-protocol/protocol/getCmd endpoint. 4) Applying strict input validation and sanitization at any integration points if custom extensions or scripts interact with the vulnerable function. 5) Preparing incident response plans specific to this vulnerability, including isolating affected systems if compromise is suspected. 6) Engaging with Sangfor support channels regularly for updates or patches and considering alternative solutions if no remediation is forthcoming. 7) Conducting vulnerability scans and penetration tests focused on this CVE to identify exposure within the environment.