CVE-2025-20108 is a vulnerability identified in Intel Network Adapter Driver installers for Windows 11, specifically in versions prior to 29.4. The root cause is an uncontrolled search path element during the installation process, which can be exploited by an authenticated local user to escalate privileges. This means that a user with limited permissions on the system could manipulate the installation path or related environment variables to execute malicious code with elevated privileges. The vulnerability requires local access and some user interaction, such as running the installer or related processes. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates low attack complexity and partial user interaction, with privileges required at a low level but the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high due to the potential for privilege escalation. No known exploits have been reported in the wild, but the vulnerability poses a significant risk in environments where Intel network adapters are installed on Windows 11 systems. The issue is particularly relevant for enterprise and organizational environments where network adapter drivers are frequently updated or installed. Intel has reserved this CVE since November 2024 and published it in May 2025, highlighting the need for timely patching. The vulnerability does not involve network attack vectors, limiting remote exploitation but increasing risk in multi-user or shared systems.

The primary impact of CVE-2025-20108 is the potential for privilege escalation on affected Windows 11 systems using Intel Network Adapter Driver installers before version 29.4. An authenticated user with limited privileges could exploit this flaw to gain elevated system-level access, potentially allowing them to install persistent malware, disable security controls, or access sensitive data. This could compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system. In enterprise environments, such privilege escalation could facilitate lateral movement, data exfiltration, or disruption of network services. Although remote exploitation is not possible, the vulnerability is significant in environments with multiple users or where attackers have gained initial footholds with low privileges. The lack of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers often develop exploits post-disclosure. Organizations relying heavily on Intel network hardware and Windows 11, including critical infrastructure and government agencies, face increased risk if patches are not applied promptly.

To mitigate CVE-2025-20108, organizations should immediately update Intel Network Adapter Driver installers to version 29.4 or later, where the vulnerability has been addressed. Until updates are applied, restrict local user permissions to prevent unauthorized execution of installer processes. Implement application whitelisting to control which executables can run, especially for driver installation utilities. Monitor and audit local user activities related to driver installations and system modifications. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to detect suspicious privilege escalation attempts. Additionally, enforce the principle of least privilege for all user accounts and limit local administrative rights. Regularly review and harden system environment variables and search paths to prevent manipulation. Finally, educate users about the risks of running untrusted installers or software, even with local access.