CVE-2025-2098 is a high-severity vulnerability affecting the Fast CAD Reader application developed by Beijing Honghu Yuntu Technology, specifically on macOS platforms. The core issue stems from incorrect file permission assignments on the application installation directory or critical resources, where permissions are set to rwxrwxrwx (777) instead of the more restrictive and standard drwxr-xr-x (755). This overly permissive setting allows any user, including guest accounts and other non-privileged users or applications, to modify or replace dynamic libraries (Dylibs) used by the application. This misconfiguration opens the door to Dylib Hijacking, a technique where an attacker places a malicious dynamic library in a location where the application loads it, leading to arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the application. Since Fast CAD Reader runs with user-level privileges, this vulnerability can be exploited to escalate privileges on the system, potentially allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code, manipulate CAD files, or gain further access to the system. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and has a low attack complexity, but it does require local access (AV:L) and some privileges (PR:L). The vendor has not responded to vulnerability reports, and no patches are currently available. The tested version is 4.1.5, but all versions may be affected. The CVSS 4.0 score of 8.4 reflects the high impact on confidentiality and integrity, with a significant scope of vulnerability due to the permissive file permissions and the potential for privilege escalation via Dylib Hijacking.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially for those relying on Fast CAD Reader for handling CAD files on macOS systems. The ability for low-privileged or guest users to escalate privileges could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive design data, intellectual property theft, or sabotage of critical engineering files. This could disrupt operations in industries such as manufacturing, architecture, and engineering, where CAD data integrity and confidentiality are paramount. Additionally, compromised systems could serve as footholds for lateral movement within corporate networks, increasing the risk of broader compromise. The lack of vendor response and patches exacerbates the risk, as organizations must rely on mitigations rather than fixes. The vulnerability's exploitation could also lead to compliance issues under European data protection regulations if sensitive data is exposed or integrity is compromised.

European organizations should implement several specific mitigations: 1) Immediately audit file and directory permissions of Fast CAD Reader installations on all macOS endpoints to ensure they conform to secure standards (e.g., drwxr-xr-x). 2) Manually correct permissions to restrict write access to only trusted administrators, removing write permissions from guest and other non-privileged users. 3) Employ macOS security features such as System Integrity Protection (SIP) and mandatory access controls to limit unauthorized modifications to application directories. 4) Restrict or disable guest accounts and untrusted local user accounts to reduce the attack surface. 5) Monitor filesystem changes in the application directories for unauthorized modifications indicative of hijacking attempts. 6) Consider isolating Fast CAD Reader usage to dedicated, hardened macOS environments or virtual machines where possible. 7) Engage with the vendor for updates and monitor for any future patches or advisories. 8) As a longer-term measure, evaluate alternative CAD readers with better security postures if vendor responsiveness remains absent.