CVE-2025-2105 is a high-severity vulnerability affecting the Jupiter X Core WordPress plugin developed by Artbees, present in all versions up to and including 4.8.11. The vulnerability arises from unsafe deserialization of untrusted input in the 'raven_download_file' function, specifically via the 'file' parameter. This allows an attacker to inject a PHP object through a PHAR (PHP Archive) file, leading to PHP Object Injection (CWE-502). However, the vulnerability alone does not directly lead to exploitation because the Jupiter X Core plugin lacks a built-in Property Oriented Programming (POP) chain necessary to leverage the injected object for malicious actions. Exploitation requires the presence of an additional plugin or theme installed on the WordPress site that contains a suitable POP chain. If such a POP chain exists, an attacker could potentially execute arbitrary code, delete files, or retrieve sensitive data depending on the capabilities of the POP chain. The attack vector includes unauthenticated exploitation if the site has a form that allows file download actions combined with file upload capabilities, enabling attackers to upload malicious PHAR files. Otherwise, exploitation requires at least Contributor-level privileges to create the necessary form for the attack. The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.1, indicating high severity, with attack vector as network (remote), high attack complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction, and impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No known exploits are currently observed in the wild, and no patches have been released at the time of analysis. This vulnerability is particularly relevant to WordPress sites using the Jupiter X Core plugin alongside other plugins or themes that enable POP chains, increasing the attack surface and risk profile.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-2105 can be significant, especially for those relying on WordPress websites with the Jupiter X Core plugin and additional plugins or themes that may enable POP chains. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized code execution, data breaches involving sensitive customer or corporate data, website defacement, or service disruption through file deletion or modification. This could damage organizational reputation, lead to regulatory non-compliance (e.g., GDPR violations), and cause financial losses due to downtime or remediation costs. The vulnerability's ability to be exploited remotely without authentication under certain conditions increases the risk of widespread attacks. Organizations with public-facing WordPress sites that allow file uploads or have dynamic form creation capabilities are particularly vulnerable. The requirement for additional plugins or themes with POP chains means that the overall security posture depends heavily on the entire WordPress ecosystem in use, making comprehensive plugin/theme management critical. Given the popularity of WordPress in Europe for business websites, e-commerce, and government portals, the potential impact spans multiple sectors including retail, finance, public administration, and media.

1. Immediate mitigation should focus on auditing all WordPress installations for the presence of the Jupiter X Core plugin and verifying the version. Sites running versions up to 4.8.11 should consider disabling the plugin until a patch is available. 2. Conduct a thorough inventory of all installed plugins and themes to identify any that contain POP chains or could facilitate exploitation. Remove or update such components to minimize risk. 3. Restrict or disable file upload capabilities on public-facing forms unless absolutely necessary, and implement strict file type validation and scanning to prevent malicious PHAR uploads. 4. Limit the ability to create or modify forms to trusted administrators only, preventing lower-privileged users from enabling attack vectors. 5. Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious PHAR file uploads or unusual requests targeting the 'raven_download_file' function. 6. Monitor logs for anomalous activity related to file uploads, downloads, or deserialization attempts. 7. Prepare for patch deployment by monitoring vendor announcements and applying updates promptly once available. 8. Educate site administrators about the risks of installing unvetted plugins or themes that may introduce POP chains. 9. Consider isolating WordPress environments or using containerization to limit the blast radius of potential exploitation. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on the specific attack vector, the interplay of plugins/themes, and operational controls to reduce exploitability.