CVE-2025-22403 is a critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability affecting Google Android version 15. The flaw exists in the Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) implementation, specifically within the function sdp_snd_service_search_req in the sdp_discovery.cc source file. The vulnerability is caused by a use-after-free condition (CWE-416), where memory is accessed after it has been freed, leading to undefined behavior that can be exploited to execute arbitrary code. This vulnerability does not require any privileges or user interaction to exploit, making it particularly dangerous. An attacker within Bluetooth range can send specially crafted SDP requests to a vulnerable Android device, triggering the use-after-free and gaining the ability to run arbitrary code remotely. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 9.8, indicating a critical severity with network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and full impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). Although no known exploits in the wild have been reported yet, the ease of exploitation and severity suggest that exploitation attempts may emerge rapidly. The vulnerability affects Android 15, which is the latest major Android release, implying a large user base and widespread exposure. The lack of available patches at the time of publication increases the urgency for mitigation and monitoring.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the widespread use of Android devices in both consumer and enterprise environments. The ability to execute arbitrary code remotely without user interaction or privileges means attackers can potentially compromise devices silently, leading to data breaches, espionage, or disruption of services. Enterprises relying on Android devices for communication, mobile workforce operations, or IoT integration could face operational disruptions and loss of sensitive information. The vulnerability could be leveraged to deploy malware, ransomware, or establish persistent backdoors within corporate networks. Given the critical nature of the flaw, it could also impact critical infrastructure sectors that use Android-based devices for control or monitoring, such as healthcare, manufacturing, and transportation. The risk is amplified by the Bluetooth attack vector, as attackers only need proximity to targets, which can be exploited in public or semi-public spaces such as offices, conferences, or transportation hubs.

1. Immediate mitigation involves disabling Bluetooth on Android 15 devices where feasible, especially in high-risk environments or where Bluetooth is not essential. 2. Organizations should enforce strict device usage policies limiting Bluetooth connectivity and encourage users to turn off Bluetooth when not in use. 3. Network segmentation and monitoring for unusual Bluetooth activity can help detect potential exploitation attempts. 4. Deploy Mobile Device Management (MDM) solutions to enforce security configurations and push updates promptly once patches become available. 5. Educate users about the risks of Bluetooth vulnerabilities and encourage vigilance regarding unexpected device behavior. 6. Monitor official Google security advisories and Android security bulletins for patch releases and apply updates immediately upon availability. 7. Consider deploying endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools capable of identifying anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation. 8. For critical environments, consider temporary use of devices running earlier Android versions not affected or alternative secure communication methods until patches are deployed.