CVE-2025-23345VulnerabilityPublished 23 Oct 2025

CVE-2025-23345: NVIDIA GeForce · Out-of-bounds Read

Affects NVIDIA GeForceSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 4.4 Medium : upgrade to 581.42 when convenient.

Data as of 25 Oct 2026, 19:02 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

4.4Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.1% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 5% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch: Available – fixed in 581.42

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

Attack Vector: Local
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: Low
Availability: Low

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Local: The vulnerable component is not bound to the network stack and the attacker’s path is via read/write/execute capabilities. Either: the attacker exploits the vulnerability by accessing the target system locally (e.g., keyboard, console), or remotely (e.g., SSH); or the attacker relies on User Interaction by another person to perform actions required to exploit the vulnerability (e.g., tricking a legitimate user into opening a malicious document).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges may have the ability to cause an impact only to non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the impacted component are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 23 Oct 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-25.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Upgrade nvidia/geforce to 581.42.

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Nvidianvidia/geforce`pkg:rpm/nvidia/geforce`Other threats	Affected <581.42	Fixed in 581.42

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

1. Immediately update NVIDIA GeForce drivers to version 581.42 or later once available to remediate the vulnerability. 2. Restrict local access to systems with vulnerable drivers to trusted personnel only, minimizing the risk of local exploitation. 3. Implement strict user privilege management to prevent unauthorized users from gaining low-level access required to exploit the flaw. 4. Monitor system stability and logs for signs of crashes or anomalous behavior that could indicate exploitation attempts. 5. In multi-user or virtualized environments, isolate GPU resources and enforce access controls to limit exposure. 6. Coordinate with IT asset management to identify all systems running affected drivers and prioritize patching based on criticality. 7. Educate users about the risks of local exploitation and enforce endpoint security policies to reduce insider threats. 8. Consider deploying host-based intrusion detection systems (HIDS) to detect unusual local activity related to GPU drivers. 9. Maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans to quickly recover from potential denial of service incidents.

Description

NVIDIA Display Driver for Windows and Linux contains a vulnerability in a video decoder, where an attacker might cause an out-of-bounds read. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to information disclosure or denial of service.

Impact

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-23345 lies in potential denial of service and limited information disclosure on systems running vulnerable NVIDIA GeForce drivers. Organizations relying on GPU-accelerated workloads, such as research institutions, media production companies, and financial services using graphical processing for computations, may experience service interruptions or data leakage risks. Although the confidentiality impact is limited, any information disclosure could aid attackers in further exploitation or reconnaissance. Denial of service could disrupt critical operations, especially in environments where GPUs are integral to processing pipelines. The requirement for local access reduces the risk from remote attackers but raises concerns in shared or multi-user systems, including virtualized environments. European entities with strict data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR) must consider the implications of any data leakage, even if limited. Overall, the threat could affect operational continuity and data privacy, necessitating timely mitigation.

CWE-125Out-of-bounds Read (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessCWE Top 25 (2025): #8
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Implementation · Input Validation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
Architecture and Design · Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
XML Security (opens in a new tab)
Mass Assignment (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V13.3.1 (opens in a new tab)
V5.1.4 (opens in a new tab)
V5.1.3 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Overread Buffers (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 23 Oct 2025, 18:38 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-125

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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