CVE-2025-24087 is a vulnerability identified in Apple macOS that allows an application with limited privileges to bypass existing permission checks and access protected user data. The root cause is an insufficient enforcement of permissions, categorized under CWE-281 (Improper Authentication). This flaw enables an app running locally with low privileges (PR:L) to read sensitive data without requiring user interaction (UI:N). The vulnerability does not allow modification or deletion of data (Integrity: None, Availability: None), but it compromises confidentiality (C:H). The CVSS v3.1 score is 5.5 (medium severity), reflecting the local attack vector and limited privileges required. The issue was addressed in macOS Sequoia 15.3 by implementing additional permission checks to prevent unauthorized data access. No public exploits have been reported, indicating limited exploitation so far. However, the vulnerability poses a risk in scenarios where untrusted or malicious applications can be executed locally, such as in shared or multi-user systems, or where users might inadvertently install unverified software. The vulnerability highlights the importance of strict permission enforcement in protecting user data on macOS platforms.

The primary impact of CVE-2025-24087 is the unauthorized disclosure of protected user data on affected macOS systems. This breach of confidentiality can lead to exposure of sensitive personal or corporate information, potentially facilitating further attacks such as identity theft, corporate espionage, or targeted phishing campaigns. Since the vulnerability requires local access and low privileges, it is particularly concerning in environments where users may run untrusted applications or where attackers have gained limited access through other means. Although integrity and availability are not affected, the loss of confidentiality can undermine user trust and compliance with data protection regulations. Organizations relying on macOS for sensitive operations or handling confidential data are at risk of data leakage if systems are not updated. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the potential for future exploitation, especially as details become more widely known.

To mitigate CVE-2025-24087, organizations and users should immediately update all macOS systems to version Sequoia 15.3 or later, where the vulnerability is patched with enhanced permission checks. Beyond patching, organizations should enforce strict application control policies to limit the execution of untrusted or unsigned applications, reducing the risk of local exploitation. Employing endpoint protection solutions that monitor for unusual file access patterns can help detect attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly auditing user permissions and restricting local user privileges to the minimum necessary can further reduce exposure. Additionally, educating users about the risks of installing unknown software and maintaining a robust software supply chain security posture will help prevent malicious apps from gaining a foothold. For environments with sensitive data, consider implementing data encryption and access monitoring to detect unauthorized data access attempts. Finally, maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans to quickly address any potential data breaches.