CVE-2025-24196 is a type confusion vulnerability identified in Apple macOS that permits an attacker with user privileges to read kernel memory. Type confusion occurs when a program incorrectly interprets a piece of memory as a different type than it actually is, leading to unintended behavior. In this case, the flaw allows unauthorized access to kernel memory, which is normally protected and inaccessible to user-level processes. This exposure can lead to leakage of sensitive information such as cryptographic keys, passwords, or other critical data stored in kernel space. The vulnerability affects unspecified versions of macOS prior to the patched releases Sequoia 15.4 and Sonoma 14.7.5, where Apple addressed the issue by improving memory handling to prevent type confusion. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.8 indicates a high severity, with attack vector being network (remote), low attack complexity, requiring privileges but no user interaction, and impacting confidentiality, integrity, and availability to a high degree. Although no exploits are currently known in the wild, the vulnerability's characteristics make it a significant risk, especially in environments where attackers may already have user-level access. The CWE-125 classification corresponds to an out-of-bounds read, consistent with the ability to read kernel memory improperly. This vulnerability could be leveraged as a stepping stone for privilege escalation or to bypass security mechanisms relying on kernel memory confidentiality.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-24196 can be substantial. The ability for an attacker with user privileges to read kernel memory compromises the confidentiality of sensitive data and can undermine system integrity and availability. This could lead to exposure of cryptographic keys, user credentials, or other protected information, facilitating further attacks such as privilege escalation or persistent compromise. Organizations relying on macOS for critical operations, including government agencies, financial institutions, and technology companies, face increased risk of data breaches and operational disruption. The vulnerability's ease of exploitation (low complexity, no user interaction) means that insider threats or malware with user-level access could exploit this flaw to gain deeper system access. Given the widespread use of Apple devices in Europe, especially in countries with high macOS adoption, the threat could affect a broad range of sectors. Additionally, the lack of known exploits in the wild currently provides a window for proactive patching and mitigation before active exploitation emerges.

European organizations should immediately prioritize updating macOS systems to versions Sequoia 15.4 or Sonoma 14.7.5 or later, where the vulnerability is fixed. Beyond patching, organizations should implement strict access controls to limit user privileges, reducing the risk that an attacker can gain the necessary user-level access to exploit this vulnerability. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of monitoring unusual kernel memory access patterns or suspicious local activity. Conduct regular audits of user accounts and installed software to detect potential malware or unauthorized access that could leverage this vulnerability. For environments where immediate patching is not feasible, consider deploying kernel memory protection mechanisms or sandboxing user processes to limit potential damage. Additionally, educate users and administrators about the risks of privilege escalation and the importance of applying security updates promptly. Network segmentation and limiting remote access to macOS systems can further reduce exposure. Finally, maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans to quickly recover from potential exploitation.