CVE-2025-25064 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability identified in the ZimbraSync Service SOAP endpoint of Zimbra Collaboration software versions 10.0.x before 10.0.12 and 10.1.x before 10.1.4. The root cause is insufficient sanitization of a user-supplied parameter within the SOAP request, which allows authenticated attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands into the backend database. This injection flaw is classified under CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command). Exploiting this vulnerability enables attackers to retrieve sensitive email metadata, potentially exposing confidential communication details and compromising data integrity and availability. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network without requiring user interaction but does require valid authentication credentials, which limits the attacker to insiders or compromised accounts. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 8.8, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, combined with low attack complexity and no user interaction needed. Although no active exploitation has been reported, the vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations relying on affected Zimbra Collaboration versions for email and collaboration services. Due to the nature of the SOAP endpoint and the criticality of email metadata, attackers could leverage this flaw for reconnaissance, data exfiltration, or further lateral movement within networks.

The impact of CVE-2025-25064 is substantial for organizations using vulnerable Zimbra Collaboration versions. Exploitation can lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive email metadata, which may include sender and recipient information, timestamps, and subject lines, potentially exposing confidential communications and business intelligence. The integrity of email data could be compromised if attackers manipulate SQL queries to alter stored information. Availability may also be affected if attackers execute destructive SQL commands or cause database corruption. This vulnerability could facilitate further attacks such as phishing, insider threat exploitation, or lateral movement within enterprise networks. Organizations in sectors with high reliance on secure email communications, such as government, finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure, face heightened risks. The requirement for authentication limits exposure to insiders or compromised accounts but does not eliminate the threat, especially in environments with weak credential management or phishing susceptibility.

To mitigate CVE-2025-25064, organizations should immediately upgrade Zimbra Collaboration to versions 10.0.12, 10.1.4, or later where the vulnerability is patched. If immediate patching is not feasible, implement strict access controls to limit authenticated user privileges, especially for accounts with SOAP endpoint access. Employ network segmentation and firewall rules to restrict access to the ZimbraSync Service SOAP endpoint to trusted hosts only. Enable and monitor detailed logging of SOAP requests to detect anomalous or suspicious parameter manipulation attempts. Conduct regular credential audits and enforce strong authentication mechanisms, including multi-factor authentication, to reduce the risk of compromised accounts. Additionally, consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the SOAP endpoint. Security teams should also perform regular vulnerability scans and penetration tests focused on the SOAP interface to identify and remediate potential exploitation attempts proactively.