CVE-2025-27490 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Windows Bluetooth Service component of Microsoft Windows Server 2022 (build 10.0.20348.0). This vulnerability arises from improper handling of memory allocation in the Bluetooth service, which can lead to a buffer overflow condition on the heap. An authorized attacker with local access and limited privileges can exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges, effectively allowing privilege escalation on the affected system. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require that the attacker already has some level of authenticated local access to the system. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8 (high severity), reflecting the significant impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as well as the relatively low complexity of exploitation (low attack complexity and low privileges required). The scope remains unchanged, meaning the impact is confined to the vulnerable component on the local system. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been released at the time of this report. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-122 (Heap-based Buffer Overflow), which typically allows attackers to corrupt memory and execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to system compromise or denial of service.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a substantial risk, particularly for enterprises and data centers relying on Windows Server 2022 for critical infrastructure and services. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to escalate privileges from a low-privileged local user to SYSTEM or equivalent, enabling full control over the server. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of services, and potential lateral movement within corporate networks. Given the widespread use of Windows Server 2022 in sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and manufacturing across Europe, the impact could be severe, especially in environments where Bluetooth services are enabled or where local access controls are weak. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the high severity score underscores the urgency for organizations to assess and remediate this vulnerability promptly to prevent potential targeted attacks or insider threats.

European organizations should implement a multi-layered mitigation strategy beyond generic patching advice. First, immediately audit and restrict local access to Windows Server 2022 systems, ensuring only trusted administrators and users have login capabilities. Disable the Windows Bluetooth Service on servers where Bluetooth functionality is not required, reducing the attack surface. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. Network segmentation should be enforced to limit lateral movement from compromised hosts. Additionally, implement strict privilege management policies to minimize the number of users with elevated rights. Since no patches are currently available, organizations should engage with Microsoft support channels for potential workarounds or advisories. Regularly monitor threat intelligence feeds for updates on exploit availability and patch releases. Finally, conduct internal penetration testing and vulnerability scanning focused on this vulnerability to identify and remediate exposures proactively.