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CVE-2025-28037: n/a in n/a

Critical
VulnerabilityCVE-2025-28037cvecve-2025-28037n-acwe-78
Published: Tue Apr 22 2025 (04/22/2025, 00:00:00 UTC)
Source: CVE
Vendor/Project: n/a
Product: n/a

Description

TOTOLINK A810R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026 and A950RG V4.1.2cu.5161_B20200903 were found to contain a pre-auth remote command execution vulnerability in the setDiagnosisCfg function through the ipDomain parameter.

AI-Powered Analysis

AILast updated: 06/21/2025, 21:38:21 UTC

Technical Analysis

CVE-2025-28037 is a critical remote command execution vulnerability identified in specific TOTOLINK router models, namely the A810R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026 and A950RG V4.1.2cu.5161_B20200903 firmware versions. The vulnerability resides in the setDiagnosisCfg function, which improperly handles the ipDomain parameter. This flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary system commands remotely without any user interaction. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-78, indicating an OS command injection issue. Given the CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8, the vulnerability is highly severe, with an attack vector that is network-based (AV:N), requiring no privileges (PR:N) and no user interaction (UI:N). The impact affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability at a high level, as attackers can execute arbitrary commands, potentially leading to full system compromise, data exfiltration, or disruption of network services. No patches or official mitigations have been published as of the vulnerability disclosure date (April 22, 2025), and no known exploits are currently reported in the wild. However, the critical nature and ease of exploitation make this a significant threat to affected devices. TOTOLINK routers are commonly used in small to medium enterprises and home networks, often deployed in European countries where TOTOLINK has market presence. The vulnerability's exploitation could allow attackers to pivot into internal networks, disrupt business operations, or intercept sensitive communications.

Potential Impact

For European organizations, particularly small and medium enterprises relying on TOTOLINK A810R and A950RG routers, this vulnerability poses a severe risk. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to internal networks, data breaches, and service outages. Given the routers' role as network gateways, attackers could intercept or manipulate traffic, deploy malware, or use compromised devices as footholds for lateral movement within corporate environments. Critical infrastructure entities or organizations with sensitive data could face operational disruptions or regulatory compliance issues under GDPR due to potential data exposure. The lack of authentication and user interaction requirements lowers the barrier for attackers, increasing the likelihood of automated exploitation attempts. Additionally, the absence of patches increases exposure time, necessitating immediate mitigation efforts. The impact extends beyond confidentiality to integrity and availability, threatening overall network security posture.

Mitigation Recommendations

1. Immediate network segmentation: Isolate affected TOTOLINK routers from critical internal networks to limit potential lateral movement if compromised. 2. Deploy network-level access controls: Restrict inbound management access to the routers by implementing firewall rules that allow only trusted IP addresses or VPN connections. 3. Monitor network traffic for anomalies: Use intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) to detect unusual command execution patterns or unexpected traffic to/from the routers. 4. Disable or restrict the setDiagnosisCfg function if possible through router configuration or firmware settings to reduce attack surface. 5. Regularly audit router firmware versions and configurations to identify and inventory affected devices. 6. Engage with TOTOLINK support channels to obtain any unofficial patches or workarounds, and apply them promptly once available. 7. Consider replacing vulnerable devices with alternative routers from vendors with timely security updates if patching is not feasible. 8. Educate IT staff about this vulnerability to increase vigilance for related indicators of compromise. 9. Implement strict logging and alerting on router management interfaces to detect unauthorized access attempts early.

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Technical Details

Data Version
5.1
Assigner Short Name
mitre
Date Reserved
2025-03-11T00:00:00.000Z
Cisa Enriched
true

Threat ID: 682d9847c4522896dcbf54eb

Added to database: 5/21/2025, 9:09:27 AM

Last enriched: 6/21/2025, 9:38:21 PM

Last updated: 8/9/2025, 7:28:24 PM

Views: 10

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