CVE-2025-29821 is a medium-severity vulnerability identified in Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central 2024 Wave 1 (version 24.0). The root cause of this vulnerability is improper input validation (CWE-20), which allows an authorized attacker to disclose sensitive information locally. Specifically, the flaw arises when the application fails to correctly validate or sanitize input data, potentially enabling an attacker with legitimate access privileges to extract confidential information from the system. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and has a low attack complexity, but it does require the attacker to have some level of privileges (PR:L) and local access (AV:L), meaning remote exploitation is not feasible without prior access. The impact is limited to confidentiality, with no effect on integrity or availability. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 5.5, reflecting a medium severity rating. This vulnerability is particularly relevant for organizations using Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central 2024 Wave 1, a widely used enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution that manages financials, supply chain, and operations, making the confidentiality of data critical.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk primarily to the confidentiality of sensitive business data managed within Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central. Since the vulnerability requires local access and authorized privileges, the threat is more significant in environments where multiple users have access to the system or where endpoint security is weak. Disclosure of sensitive financial or operational data could lead to competitive disadvantage, regulatory non-compliance (e.g., GDPR violations due to unauthorized data exposure), and potential reputational damage. Given the critical role of ERP systems in business operations, any data leakage could disrupt trust with partners and customers. The impact is heightened in sectors such as finance, manufacturing, and retail, where Dynamics 365 Business Central is commonly deployed. However, since the vulnerability does not affect system integrity or availability, it is less likely to cause operational disruption or data manipulation.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Restrict local access to systems running Dynamics 365 Business Central to only trusted and necessary personnel, enforcing strict access controls and monitoring. 2) Employ robust endpoint security solutions to detect and prevent unauthorized local access or privilege escalation attempts. 3) Apply the principle of least privilege rigorously, ensuring users have only the minimum necessary permissions within Dynamics 365 Business Central to reduce the risk of exploitation. 4) Monitor logs and audit trails for unusual access patterns or attempts to access sensitive data locally. 5) Stay alert for official patches or updates from Microsoft addressing CVE-2025-29821 and apply them promptly once available. 6) Conduct regular security awareness training to inform authorized users about the risks of improper input handling and the importance of safeguarding credentials and access. 7) Consider network segmentation to isolate ERP systems from less secure environments, limiting lateral movement in case of compromise.