CVE-2025-29961 is a security vulnerability classified as an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) affecting Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809, specifically build 10.0.17763.0. The flaw exists within the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS), a component responsible for routing network traffic and providing remote access capabilities. An out-of-bounds read occurs when a program reads data outside the boundaries of allocated memory, which can lead to disclosure of sensitive information. In this case, an unauthorized attacker can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network without requiring any privileges but does require user interaction (e.g., convincing a user to initiate a connection or interaction). The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 6.5, indicating a medium severity level. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), with low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), but user interaction is necessary (UI:R). The scope remains unchanged (S:U), and the impact is high on confidentiality (C:H), with no impact on integrity or availability (I:N, A:N). There are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication, and no official patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability could allow attackers to read sensitive memory contents from the affected system remotely, potentially leaking confidential information such as credentials, tokens, or other sensitive data handled by RRAS. This could facilitate further attacks or unauthorized access if leveraged in a multi-stage attack chain.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk especially for enterprises and service providers relying on Windows 10 Version 1809 systems with RRAS enabled for VPN or remote access services. Disclosure of sensitive information could lead to compromise of user credentials or network configuration details, undermining network security and potentially enabling lateral movement or escalation by attackers. Critical infrastructure sectors, financial institutions, and government agencies that use RRAS for secure remote connectivity could face increased risk of data breaches or espionage. Since the vulnerability requires user interaction, phishing or social engineering campaigns targeting remote workers or administrators could be an attack vector. The medium severity score reflects that while the vulnerability does not directly allow code execution or denial of service, the confidentiality breach can have cascading effects on organizational security posture. Organizations with legacy systems or delayed patching practices are particularly vulnerable. The lack of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, as proof-of-concept exploits could emerge rapidly after disclosure.

1. Prioritize upgrading or patching Windows 10 Version 1809 systems as soon as Microsoft releases an official security update addressing CVE-2025-29961. Monitor Microsoft security advisories closely. 2. If immediate patching is not possible, consider disabling or restricting the Routing and Remote Access Service on systems where it is not essential to reduce the attack surface. 3. Implement network-level controls such as firewall rules to limit inbound access to RRAS services only to trusted IP addresses or VPN gateways. 4. Enhance user awareness training to reduce the risk of social engineering or phishing attacks that could trigger the required user interaction for exploitation. 5. Employ network monitoring and anomaly detection to identify unusual RRAS traffic patterns or unauthorized remote access attempts. 6. Review and harden remote access policies, including multi-factor authentication (MFA) for VPN or RRAS connections, to mitigate potential credential compromise. 7. Conduct regular vulnerability scanning and penetration testing focusing on remote access infrastructure to detect and remediate weaknesses proactively.