CVE-2025-30736 is a vulnerability identified in the Java Virtual Machine (Java VM) component embedded within Oracle Database Server, affecting multiple supported versions including 19.3 through 19.26, 21.3 through 21.17, and 23.4 through 23.7. The flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker with network access to exploit the vulnerability via multiple protocols, although the attack complexity is high, making exploitation difficult. The vulnerability enables unauthorized creation, deletion, or modification of critical data accessible through the Java VM, as well as unauthorized access to such data, thereby compromising both confidentiality and integrity. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-284, indicating an authorization bypass or improper access control issue. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.4, reflecting a high severity with network attack vector (AV:N), high attack complexity (AC:H), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), unchanged scope (S:U), and high impacts on confidentiality (C:H) and integrity (I:H), but no impact on availability (A:N). No patches are currently linked, and no known exploits have been observed in the wild, suggesting that while the vulnerability is serious, exploitation may be limited at present. The vulnerability affects critical enterprise database infrastructure, where Java VM is used for stored procedures, triggers, or other programmable logic within Oracle Database Server.

The impact of CVE-2025-30736 is significant for organizations relying on Oracle Database Server with embedded Java VM functionality. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized manipulation or exposure of sensitive data, undermining data confidentiality and integrity. This could result in data breaches, data corruption, or unauthorized data modification, potentially disrupting business operations and causing regulatory compliance violations. Since the vulnerability does not affect availability, denial-of-service is not a primary concern. However, the ability to alter or access critical data without authentication poses a serious risk to data trustworthiness and system security. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure that use Oracle Database Server extensively are particularly vulnerable. The difficulty of exploitation may reduce immediate risk, but the broad network attack vector and lack of required privileges mean that once exploit techniques mature, the threat could escalate rapidly.

To mitigate CVE-2025-30736, organizations should: 1) Monitor Oracle’s official security advisories closely and apply patches promptly once they become available, as no patches are currently linked. 2) Restrict network access to Oracle Database Server instances, especially limiting exposure of Java VM accessible protocols to trusted networks only. 3) Employ network segmentation and firewall rules to minimize attack surface and prevent unauthorized external access. 4) Audit and review database user privileges and Java stored procedures to ensure least privilege principles are enforced. 5) Enable detailed logging and monitoring of Java VM activities within Oracle Database to detect anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 6) Consider disabling Java VM features if not required for business operations to reduce attack vectors. 7) Conduct penetration testing and vulnerability assessments focusing on Oracle Database Server Java VM components to identify potential exploitation paths. These targeted steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on limiting exposure of the vulnerable component and enhancing detection capabilities.