CVE-2025-3146 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability identified in PHPGurukul Bus Pass Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /view-pass-detail.php script, where the 'viewid' parameter is improperly sanitized, allowing attackers to inject malicious SQL code. This injection can be performed remotely without authentication or user interaction, making exploitation straightforward. The vulnerability can lead to unauthorized retrieval, modification, or deletion of database records, potentially exposing sensitive user data such as personal identification, bus pass details, or payment information. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability at a low level (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). Although no known exploits are currently active in the wild, the public disclosure of the vulnerability increases the risk of exploitation. The lack of available patches or updates from the vendor necessitates immediate defensive measures. The vulnerability is particularly concerning for organizations relying on this system for managing transportation passes, as exploitation could disrupt services or compromise user data.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-3146 can be significant, especially for public transportation authorities, educational institutions, or municipal bodies using the PHPGurukul Bus Pass Management System. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to personal data of commuters or students, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations, resulting in legal and financial penalties. Data integrity could be compromised, allowing attackers to alter bus pass records, potentially enabling fraudulent use or denial of service to legitimate users. Availability of the system could also be affected if attackers execute destructive SQL commands, disrupting transportation services. The medium CVSS score reflects the balance between ease of exploitation and the limited scope of affected versions, but the critical nature of the data involved elevates the risk. Organizations may face reputational damage and operational challenges if the vulnerability is exploited.

To mitigate CVE-2025-3146, organizations should immediately implement strict input validation and sanitization on the 'viewid' parameter and any other user-supplied inputs. Employ parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection attacks. If possible, upgrade to a patched version of the PHPGurukul Bus Pass Management System once available, or apply vendor-provided patches. In the absence of official patches, consider deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the vulnerable endpoint. Conduct thorough code reviews and security testing on the application to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities. Additionally, monitor logs for suspicious database queries or access patterns. Educate developers and administrators on secure coding practices and ensure regular security assessments. Finally, implement network segmentation and least privilege principles to limit the impact of any successful exploitation.