CVE-2025-37126 is a high-severity vulnerability affecting Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateway devices, specifically versions 9.4.0.0 and 9.5.0.0. The flaw resides in the Command Line Interface (CLI) of the SD-WAN Gateway, where remote authenticated users can exploit improper input handling to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying host operating system with root privileges. This vulnerability is classified under CWE-78, which corresponds to OS Command Injection, indicating that the CLI fails to properly sanitize user inputs before passing them to system commands. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.2 reflects a high impact, with the vector indicating network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), requiring high-level privileges (PR:H), no user interaction (UI:N), unchanged scope (S:U), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). Successful exploitation allows an attacker with valid credentials to gain full control over the device, potentially leading to complete compromise of the SD-WAN gateway, interception or manipulation of network traffic, lateral movement within the network, and disruption of critical network services. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the vulnerability's nature and impact make it a significant risk for organizations relying on these devices for secure WAN connectivity.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability is substantial due to the widespread adoption of HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways in enterprise and service provider networks. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized root-level access, enabling attackers to manipulate network traffic, exfiltrate sensitive data, disrupt communications, or establish persistent footholds within corporate networks. This is particularly critical for sectors such as finance, healthcare, telecommunications, and government agencies, where secure and reliable network connectivity is paramount. The compromise of SD-WAN infrastructure could also undermine compliance with stringent European data protection regulations like GDPR, potentially resulting in legal and financial penalties. Additionally, the ability to execute arbitrary commands without user interaction increases the risk of automated or stealthy attacks, amplifying potential damage.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should prioritize the following actions: 1) Immediately verify the firmware versions of HPE Aruba EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways in use and restrict access to the CLI to trusted administrators only, enforcing strict authentication and authorization controls. 2) Monitor vendor communications closely for official patches or firmware updates addressing CVE-2025-37126 and apply them promptly upon release. 3) Implement network segmentation to isolate SD-WAN gateways from less trusted network zones, minimizing exposure. 4) Employ multi-factor authentication (MFA) for administrative access to reduce the risk of credential compromise. 5) Conduct regular audits and monitoring of CLI command usage and system logs to detect anomalous activities indicative of exploitation attempts. 6) Consider deploying intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or heuristics capable of identifying suspicious command injection patterns targeting SD-WAN devices. 7) Educate network administrators about the risks and signs of exploitation to enhance incident response readiness.