CVE-2025-4060 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in PHPGurukul Notice Board System version 1.0, specifically affecting the /category.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'catname' parameter, which is directly used in SQL queries. An attacker can remotely manipulate this parameter to inject malicious SQL code, potentially allowing unauthorized access to the backend database. This can lead to unauthorized data disclosure, data modification, or even complete compromise of the database server. The vulnerability does not require any authentication or user interaction, making it exploitable remotely by any attacker with network access to the affected application. The CVSS 4.0 score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level, with attack vector being network (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and low impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). Despite the medium severity rating, the exploitability is straightforward due to the lack of authentication and user interaction requirements. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no official patches have been published yet. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul Notice Board System, a web-based application used for managing notices and announcements, typically in educational or organizational environments. The lack of patches and public exploit disclosure increases the risk of exploitation if the system remains unpatched or unsupported.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Notice Board System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of their data. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to extract sensitive information such as internal notices, user data, or configuration details. Additionally, attackers could alter or delete notices, disrupting communication channels within organizations. Given that the vulnerability is remotely exploitable without authentication, attackers could leverage it to gain a foothold within the network, potentially pivoting to more critical systems. The impact is particularly relevant for educational institutions, government agencies, and medium-sized enterprises that rely on this software for internal communications. Data breaches resulting from this vulnerability could lead to reputational damage, regulatory penalties under GDPR, and operational disruptions. Although the availability impact is rated low, targeted attacks could still cause denial of service by corrupting database contents or exhausting resources. The medium CVSS score reflects moderate impact, but the ease of exploitation and lack of mitigation increase the urgency for affected organizations to act promptly.

Immediately audit all instances of PHPGurukul Notice Board System 1.0 within the organization to identify affected deployments. Implement input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in the /category.php file to sanitize the 'catname' parameter, preventing SQL injection. If source code modification is not feasible, deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection payloads targeting the 'catname' parameter. Restrict network access to the Notice Board System to trusted internal networks or VPNs to reduce exposure to remote attackers. Monitor web server and database logs for unusual query patterns or repeated access attempts to /category.php with suspicious parameters. Plan for an upgrade or migration to a newer, supported version of the software once a patch is released or consider alternative notice board solutions with active security maintenance. Educate administrators and users about the risks of SQL injection and encourage prompt reporting of anomalies. Regularly back up the database and application data to enable recovery in case of data tampering or loss.