CVE-2025-40620 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability affecting TCMAN's GIM product, specifically version 11. The vulnerability arises from improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands (CWE-89), allowing an unauthenticated attacker to inject malicious SQL statements through the 'User' parameter of the 'ValidateUserAndWS' endpoint. This flaw enables the attacker to perform unauthorized operations on the backend database, including reading, modifying, and deleting all stored information. The vulnerability requires no authentication or user interaction, making it highly exploitable remotely over the network. The CVSS 4.0 score of 9.3 reflects the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as the attacker can fully compromise the database contents. The vulnerability does not currently have known exploits in the wild, but given its critical nature and ease of exploitation, it poses a significant risk. The absence of available patches at the time of publication increases the urgency for mitigation. The vulnerability was assigned and published by INCIBE, indicating recognized severity and the need for immediate attention by affected organizations.

For European organizations using TCMAN GIM v11, this vulnerability poses a severe threat to their data security and operational continuity. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information, including personal data protected under GDPR, resulting in regulatory penalties and reputational damage. The ability to modify or delete database records can disrupt business processes, cause data loss, and potentially lead to service outages. Organizations in sectors such as government, healthcare, finance, and critical infrastructure that rely on TCMAN GIM for identity management or related functions are particularly at risk. The unauthenticated nature of the attack vector means that attackers can exploit this vulnerability without prior access, increasing the likelihood of attacks. Given the criticality and the potential for widespread impact, European entities must prioritize detection and remediation to prevent data breaches and operational disruptions.

Immediate mitigation steps include implementing strict input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in the 'ValidateUserAndWS' endpoint to prevent SQL injection. Since no patches are currently available, organizations should consider deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block malicious SQL injection attempts targeting the vulnerable parameter. Network segmentation and restricting access to the GIM service to trusted IP addresses can reduce exposure. Continuous monitoring of logs for unusual database queries or failed authentication attempts can help detect exploitation attempts early. Organizations should also engage with TCMAN for timely updates and patches and plan for rapid deployment once available. Additionally, conducting a thorough security review of all input handling in the application and performing penetration testing focused on injection flaws will help identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities.