VulnerabilityPublished 2 Dec 2025

CVE-2025-41015: TCMAN GIM · Information Exposure

Affects TCMAN GIMSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 6.9 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 12:29 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

6.9Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 22% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low
Vulnerable system integrity: None
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 2 Dec 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
TCMAN GIM	Affected =0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

European organizations should implement the following specific mitigations: 1) Restrict access to the '/WS/PDAWebService.asmx' endpoint by IP whitelisting or network segmentation to limit exposure to trusted networks only. 2) Implement rate limiting and anomaly detection on the SOAP service to detect and block repeated username enumeration attempts. 3) Monitor logs for suspicious requests targeting the 'GetUserQuestionAndAnswer' action and the 'pda:username' parameter. 4) Coordinate with TCMAN vendors for patches or updates addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly once available. 5) Consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to block enumeration patterns. 6) Educate users and administrators about phishing risks that may arise from exposed usernames. 7) Review and harden authentication and password policies to mitigate risks from potential brute force attacks facilitated by enumeration. 8) Conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on identity management systems to detect similar issues.

Description

CVE-2025-41015 is a user enumeration vulnerability in TCMAN GIM v11 (version 20250304) that allows unauthenticated attackers to verify the existence of users via the 'pda:username' parameter in the 'soapaction GetUserQuestionAndAnswer' endpoint. This exposure of sensitive information can facilitate further targeted attacks such as phishing or brute force. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9 (medium severity), indicating moderate risk due to ease of exploitation without authentication and no user interaction required. Although no known exploits are currently in the wild, European organizations using TCMAN GIM should be aware of this risk. Mitigation involves restricting access to the vulnerable web service, implementing rate limiting, and monitoring for suspicious requests. Countries with significant deployments of TCMAN products or critical infrastructure using this system are at higher risk. Prompt patching or vendor guidance should be sought once available.

Impact

For European organizations, the primary impact of this vulnerability is the exposure of valid usernames to unauthenticated attackers. This can undermine user privacy and facilitate targeted attacks such as phishing campaigns, brute force password attempts, or social engineering. Organizations using TCMAN GIM in sectors like government, finance, healthcare, or critical infrastructure may face increased risk of account compromise or unauthorized access attempts. While the vulnerability does not directly allow system compromise or data modification, the information gained can be a stepping stone for more severe attacks. The ease of exploitation without authentication increases the likelihood of reconnaissance activities by threat actors. Additionally, organizations may face regulatory and compliance risks under GDPR if user information is exposed without adequate protection. The lack of current exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers often weaponize such enumeration flaws rapidly once disclosed.

Summary

CVE-2025-41015 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-200 (Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor) affecting TCMAN GIM version 11 (20250304). The flaw resides in the SOAP web service endpoint '/WS/PDAWebService.asmx', specifically in the 'GetUserQuestionAndAnswer' action, which accepts a 'pda:username' parameter. An unauthenticated attacker can send crafted requests to this endpoint to determine if a username exists in the system, effectively enabling user enumeration. This information disclosure can be leveraged to facilitate subsequent attacks such as credential stuffing, phishing, or social engineering by confirming valid user accounts. The vulnerability does not require any privileges or user interaction, making it easier to exploit remotely over the network. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N) reflects a network attack vector with low complexity, no authentication, and low impact on confidentiality (limited to user existence information). No patches or known exploits have been reported at the time of publication, but the exposure of user enumeration data represents a significant security concern, especially for organizations relying on TCMAN GIM for identity or access management. The vulnerability was assigned and published by INCIBE, indicating recognized severity and the need for mitigation.

CWE-200Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor (opens in a new tab)
Class weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #20OWASP Top 10 A01:2025: Broken Access Control (opens in a new tab)
The product exposes sensitive information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.
MITRE discourages mapping vulnerabilities to this broad entry; the root cause is usually a more specific weakness.
Architecture and Design · Separation of Privilege
Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Error Handling (opens in a new tab)
Logging (opens in a new tab)
Authorization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V8.3.4 (opens in a new tab)
V14.3.3 (opens in a new tab)
V7.3.3 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Subverting Environment Variable Values (opens in a new tab)
ICMP Echo Request Ping (opens in a new tab)
TCP SYN Scan (opens in a new tab)
Enumerate Mail Exchange (MX) Records (opens in a new tab)
DNS Zone Transfers (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-tcman-gim-2 (opens in a new tab)

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 9 Dec 2025, 14:39 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-200

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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