CVE-2025-41078 is an authorization bypass vulnerability classified under CWE-863, affecting Viafirma Documents version 3.7.129. The vulnerability arises from weaknesses in the application's authorization mechanisms, allowing an authenticated user with limited or no privileges to perform unauthorized actions. Specifically, the flaw permits such users to list and access data belonging to other users, manipulate user accounts by creating, modifying, or deleting them, and escalate privileges by impersonating other users during document generation and signing processes. This impersonation can lead to unauthorized signing of documents, undermining the integrity and non-repudiation guarantees of the system. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and can be exploited remotely over the network (AV:N), with low attack complexity (AC:L), and no need for elevated privileges initially (PR:L). The impact on confidentiality and integrity is high, as sensitive user data and document authenticity can be compromised. Availability impact is low, but the overall security posture is severely affected. No patches were linked at the time of publication, and no known exploits have been reported in the wild. The vulnerability was assigned by INCIBE and published in early 2026, indicating recent discovery and disclosure. Viafirma Documents is widely used in Europe for digital signature and document management, making this vulnerability particularly relevant for organizations relying on secure document workflows.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-41078 is significant due to the sensitive nature of digital document management and signing processes. Unauthorized access to user data can lead to privacy violations and non-compliance with GDPR and other data protection regulations. The ability to create, modify, or delete user accounts and escalate privileges threatens the integrity of document workflows, potentially enabling fraudulent document signing and legal disputes. This can damage organizational reputation and result in financial losses. The vulnerability also raises concerns for sectors such as finance, legal, healthcare, and government agencies where document authenticity and user accountability are critical. Given the network exploitable nature and lack of required user interaction, attackers inside or with initial access to the network can leverage this flaw to compromise entire document management systems. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the high CVSS score underscores the urgency. Organizations may face regulatory penalties if breaches occur due to this vulnerability.

1. Monitor Viafirma's official channels closely for security patches addressing CVE-2025-41078 and apply them immediately upon release. 2. Until patches are available, restrict access to Viafirma Documents to trusted internal networks and implement strict network segmentation to limit exposure. 3. Enforce strong authentication and authorization policies, including multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all users accessing the system. 4. Conduct thorough audits of user accounts and permissions within Viafirma Documents to identify and remove unnecessary privileges. 5. Implement detailed logging and real-time monitoring of user activities, focusing on user creation, modification, deletion, and document signing events to detect suspicious behavior. 6. Educate administrators and users about the risks of privilege escalation and unauthorized access within the application. 7. Consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block anomalous requests targeting authorization flaws. 8. Review and harden integration points with other systems to prevent lateral movement if the vulnerability is exploited. 9. Prepare incident response plans specifically addressing potential exploitation scenarios of this vulnerability.