CVE-2025-41115 is a critical security vulnerability discovered in Grafana Enterprise version 12.0.0, specifically affecting the SCIM (System for Cross-domain Identity Management) provisioning feature introduced to automate user lifecycle management. The vulnerability arises from improper handling of user identity attributes, particularly the externalId field. When SCIM provisioning is enabled (via the 'enableSCIM' feature flag) and user synchronization is active ('user_sync_enabled' set to true in the '[auth.scim]' configuration block), a malicious or compromised SCIM client can provision a user with a numeric externalId. This numeric externalId can override internal user IDs within Grafana, leading to unauthorized impersonation of existing users or privilege escalation. The flaw does not require any authentication or user interaction, making it remotely exploitable over the network with low complexity. The vulnerability affects confidentiality by allowing attackers to access sensitive dashboards and data, integrity by enabling unauthorized changes to user roles or permissions, and availability by potentially disrupting user access controls. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 10.0, reflecting its critical severity and the broad impact on affected systems. No known exploits are reported in the wild yet, but the potential for severe damage is high given Grafana's widespread use in monitoring and analytics environments. The vulnerability is tracked under CWE-266 (Incorrect Privilege Assignment).

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-41115 is significant due to Grafana's prevalent use in IT infrastructure monitoring, operational analytics, and business intelligence across industries such as finance, telecommunications, manufacturing, and critical infrastructure. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive operational data, manipulation of monitoring dashboards, and escalation of privileges allowing attackers to perform administrative actions. This could result in data breaches, disruption of monitoring capabilities, and potential cascading failures in dependent systems. Organizations relying on Grafana Enterprise's SCIM provisioning for automated user management are particularly vulnerable. The compromise of user identities can undermine trust in access controls and complicate incident response. Given the critical nature of the vulnerability and the ease of exploitation without authentication, European entities must prioritize remediation to maintain operational security and compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR.

1. Immediately review and disable the SCIM provisioning feature in Grafana Enterprise if it is not essential, by setting the 'enableSCIM' feature flag to false and disabling 'user_sync_enabled' in the '[auth.scim]' configuration. 2. Monitor and audit SCIM client activity closely to detect any anomalous provisioning requests, especially those involving numeric externalIds. 3. Implement strict validation and filtering on SCIM client inputs to prevent numeric externalId values from overriding internal user IDs. 4. Apply vendor patches or updates as soon as they become available; maintain close communication with Grafana support channels for official fixes. 5. Restrict network access to the SCIM provisioning endpoint to trusted clients only, using network segmentation and firewall rules. 6. Conduct thorough user and permission audits post-remediation to identify and remediate any unauthorized changes. 7. Enhance logging and alerting around user provisioning events to enable rapid detection of exploitation attempts. 8. Educate administrators and DevOps teams about the vulnerability and the importance of secure SCIM configuration.