CVE-2025-41115 is a critical security vulnerability identified in Grafana Enterprise version 12.0.0, specifically affecting the SCIM (System for Cross-domain Identity Management) provisioning feature introduced to automate user lifecycle management. The vulnerability arises from improper handling of user identity data when SCIM provisioning is enabled and configured with both the 'enableSCIM' feature flag set to true and the 'user_sync_enabled' option enabled in the '[auth.scim]' configuration block. A malicious or compromised SCIM client can exploit this flaw by provisioning a user with a numeric externalId value. This numeric externalId can override internal user IDs within Grafana, which are typically used to uniquely identify and authorize users. By doing so, the attacker can impersonate existing users or escalate privileges, potentially gaining administrative control or unauthorized access to sensitive dashboards and data. The vulnerability is exploitable remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS v3.1 score of 10.0 reflects the highest severity, indicating critical impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and a wide attack surface. The underlying weakness corresponds to CWE-266, which involves improper access control or authorization logic. Although no known exploits are reported in the wild yet, the severity and ease of exploitation necessitate urgent attention from affected organizations.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability is significant. Grafana is widely used across various sectors including finance, manufacturing, energy, and public services for monitoring and visualization of critical infrastructure and business metrics. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive operational data, manipulation of monitoring dashboards, and disruption of incident response capabilities. This could result in data breaches, operational downtime, and loss of trust. Organizations relying on automated user provisioning via SCIM are particularly vulnerable, as attackers could silently escalate privileges or impersonate users without detection. The critical nature of the vulnerability means that exploitation could compromise entire Grafana environments, affecting confidentiality, integrity, and availability of monitoring data crucial for decision-making and security operations.

Immediate mitigation steps include disabling the SCIM provisioning feature by setting the 'enableSCIM' flag to false or disabling 'user_sync_enabled' in the '[auth.scim]' configuration block until a vendor patch is available. Organizations should audit their current Grafana configurations to identify if SCIM provisioning is enabled and review user provisioning logs for suspicious activity. Implement strict access controls on SCIM clients and restrict provisioning capabilities to trusted entities only. Monitor Grafana logs for anomalous user creation or modification events. Once Grafana releases an official patch addressing CVE-2025-41115, apply it promptly. Additionally, consider implementing multi-factor authentication (MFA) for Grafana access and integrate Grafana with centralized identity providers that enforce strong authentication and authorization policies. Regularly update Grafana to the latest versions and subscribe to vendor security advisories to stay informed about new vulnerabilities and fixes.