CVE-2025-4113 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul Curfew e-Pass Management System, specifically within the /admin/edit-pass-detail.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'editid' parameter, which is used in SQL queries. An attacker can remotely manipulate this parameter to inject malicious SQL code, potentially allowing unauthorized access to or modification of the backend database. This could lead to unauthorized data disclosure, data modification, or even complete compromise of the database. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require low privileges (PR:L), indicating that some level of authentication is necessary to exploit it. The CVSS 4.0 score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting that while the attack vector is network-based and requires low privileges, the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is limited to low levels. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no official patches have been published yet. The vulnerability is publicly disclosed, which increases the risk of exploitation by threat actors. Given the nature of the product—a curfew e-pass management system—it is likely used by governmental or municipal authorities to manage movement permissions during restricted periods, making the integrity and confidentiality of the data critical for operational and privacy reasons.

For European organizations, particularly local and regional government bodies or agencies that may use PHPGurukul's Curfew e-Pass Management System or similar e-pass systems, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized access to sensitive personal data and operational information. Exploitation could lead to manipulation of e-pass records, enabling unauthorized movement during curfews or lockdowns, undermining public safety measures. Data breaches could expose personally identifiable information (PII), leading to privacy violations under GDPR. Additionally, tampering with the system could disrupt administrative workflows, causing operational delays and loss of public trust. Although the vulnerability requires low-level authentication, insider threats or compromised credentials could facilitate exploitation. The medium severity rating suggests that while the impact is not catastrophic, it is significant enough to warrant immediate attention, especially given the critical nature of the system in public safety contexts.

1. Immediate code review and sanitization: Developers should implement strict input validation and parameterized queries (prepared statements) for the 'editid' parameter to prevent SQL injection. 2. Access control hardening: Restrict access to the /admin/edit-pass-detail.php endpoint to only highly trusted administrators and implement multi-factor authentication to reduce the risk of credential compromise. 3. Monitoring and logging: Enable detailed logging of administrative actions and monitor for unusual query patterns or repeated failed attempts to detect potential exploitation attempts early. 4. Network segmentation: Isolate the e-pass management system within a secure network segment with limited access to reduce the attack surface. 5. Incident response preparation: Develop and test incident response plans specific to this system to quickly address any exploitation attempts. 6. Vendor engagement: Engage with PHPGurukul to obtain or request patches or updates addressing this vulnerability. 7. Alternative mitigations: If patching is delayed, consider implementing Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the 'editid' parameter. 8. Credential hygiene: Regularly audit and rotate credentials for administrative accounts to minimize the risk of exploitation through compromised accounts.